Fascism, Totalitarian Regimes, and WWII Key Concepts

Totalitarian state

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Regime

A government, especially an authoritarian one, that is in power.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often placing it above other nations.

What is the origin of the word fascism?

Term comes from Italian fascio ("bundle," symbolizing unity), it is a dictatorial system defined by forced suppression of opposition and strict regimentation of society and the economy.

Why did the Italian people support Mussolini?

Supported him due to his promises to restore Italy's former glory, improve the economy, and provide strong leadership after the instability following World War I.

How did Mussolini control Italy?

Controlled Italy through propaganda, censorship, the establishment of a one-party state, and the use of violence and intimidation by the Blackshirts.

Describe Germany's economy after WWI.

After WWI was marked by hyperinflation, high unemployment, and economic instability, largely due to the reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.

What were Hitler's goals as a fascist leader?

Aimed to establish a totalitarian state, promote Aryan supremacy, expand German territory, and eliminate perceived enemies, particularly Jews and communists.

How did Kristallnacht symbolize Nazi influence in Germany?

Symbolized Nazi influence as it represented state-sponsored violence against Jews, marking a significant escalation in anti-Semitic policies and actions.

Why did Japan invade Manchuria?

To secure resources and territory, driven by militaristic expansionism and economic needs.

What were the 3 ways military leaders controlled Japan during this time?

Military leaders controlled through the promotion of militarism in society, the establishment of a militaristic government, and the suppression of political dissent.

What were Stalin's goals for the Soviet Union?

Aimed to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, collectivize agriculture, and consolidate power to create a strong, centralized communist state.

Define communism.

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

What happened in Ukraine as a result of Stalin's collectives?

Led to widespread famine, known as the Holodomor, resulting in millions of deaths due to starvation and repression.

What happened during Stalin's Great Purge in 1934?

Stalin orchestrated a campaign of political repression, executing or imprisoning perceived enemies, including party members, military leaders, and ordinary citizens.

Define gulag.

A government agency in the Soviet Union that administered forced labor camps, where millions of people were imprisoned under harsh conditions.