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How is ethanol produced in plants and some microorganisms?
The pyruvate molecule formed at the end of glycolysis is decarboxylated (loses a CO2 molecule) which produces ethanal
Ethanal is reduced (accepts hydrogen) from NADH to produce ethanol
Pyruvate + reduced NAD → ethanol + carbon dioxide + oxidised NAD
What can the oxidised NAD produced be used for?
Further glycolysis
What are the consequences of anaerobic respiration?
There’s no final electron acceptor - electron transport chain doesn’t work
Without the formation of water, the H+ gradient will be lost so ATP production will be reduced
Reduced FAD and NAD aren’t oxidised by electron carrier
No link reaction
No Krebs cycle
How is lactate produced in animals?
NADH from glycolysis accumulates
Pyruvate takes up the 2 hydrogen atoms (is reduced by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase)
Pyruvate + reduced NAD → lactate + oxidised NAD
What happens to the lactate that is produced?
It can be oxidised back to pyruvate - can be channelled into the link reaction/Krebs cycle for ATP production
Can be converted to glycogen for storage in the liver
The oxidation of lactate back to pyruvate requires what?
Extra oxygen - oxygen debt created
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
The cytoplasm