meiosis

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7 Terms

1
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what are the products of meiosis?

4 genetically different haploid cells

2
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name the 2 ways genetically different daughter cells occur in meiosis:

  • independent segregation

  • crossing over

3
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describe the process of meiosis i:

meiosis i:

  • chromosomes replicate

  • chromosomes condense and homologous pairs join together

  • nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibres form

  • chromosomes are attaches to spindle fibres at the centromere and line up in pairs randomly along the equator of the cell → independent segregation

  • crossing over - homologous chromosomes exchange parts with each other

  • homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of cell by spindle fibres

  • cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells

  • chromosomes decondense

<p>meiosis i:</p><ul><li><p>chromosomes replicate</p></li><li><p>chromosomes condense and homologous pairs join together </p></li><li><p>nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibres form</p></li><li><p>chromosomes are attaches to spindle fibres at the centromere and line up in pairs randomly along the equator of the cell → independent segregation</p></li><li><p>crossing over - homologous chromosomes exchange parts with each other</p></li><li><p>homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of cell by spindle fibres</p></li><li><p>cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells</p></li><li><p>chromosomes decondense</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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describe the process of meiosis ii:

  • nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes recondense

  • in each cell, spindle fibres attach to centromere of chromosomes and pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell

  • chromosomes recondense

  • cytoplasm /es and nuclear envelopes form around 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells

<ul><li><p>nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes recondense</p></li><li><p>in each cell, spindle fibres attach to centromere of chromosomes and pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell</p></li><li><p>chromosomes recondense</p></li><li><p>cytoplasm /es and nuclear envelopes form around 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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what is independent segregation?

random alignment of homologous pairs along the equator of the cell

6
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what is crossing over?

non sister chromatids exchanging alleles by sections of chromatids being broken off, exchanged and rejoined

7
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what is the formula used to calculate the number of different possible combinations of chromosomes following meiosis (w/o crossing over)?

2n