FSU Oceanography Chapter 14 (most) Pearson Questions

14.1: Which of the following are one of the most numerically dominant types of multicelled organisms on the planet?

Copepods

14.1: Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Collapsible ribs

Spines

Blubber

Swim bladder

Gas bladder

Collapsible ribs

14.1: Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Ctenophore

Salp

Arrow worm

Jellyfish

Copepod

Copepod

14.2: Of the following statements about the muscle tissue of cruising and lunging fish, which is/are true?

Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance, needed by cruisers.

White muscle tissue has increased levels of myoglobin compared to red muscle tissue, needed by lungers.

Red muscle tissue is designed for quick bursts of speed, needed by lungers.

White muscle tissue is designed for sustained, long-distance travel, needed by cruisers.

Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue.

Lungers have mostly red muscle tissue.

Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance, needed by cruisers, Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue.

14.3: Judge the following sentence: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE they chase away any other fish that tries to feed on the anemone.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.

14.4: The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to:

mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter

14.4: What is the role of the spermaceti in the sperm whale?

to focus and magnify sound

14.4: How does a sperm whale make the sounds that are used for echolocation?

It pulls air in through its monkey’s muzzle. When the monkey’s muzzle closes, it makes a clicking sound.

14.4: What is the role of the junk compartment in sperm whales?

to project the magnified sound that was reflected off the skull so that it is released out in front of the whale

How does a dolphin make the sounds that are used for echolocation?

It pulls air in through its blowhole and contracts the muscles near the blowhole to make different sounds.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding sound and echolocation in dolphins?

Dolphins create a wide variety of sounds, including clicks, buzzes, and whistles.

Reflected sound is received by the melon.

Echolocation is not very detailed, but it allows dolphins to sense large objects and schools of fish close to them.

Low-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are far away, and high-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are close by.

Dolphins are known to use short bursts of sound to stun prey before they move in for the kill.

Dolphins create a wide variety of sounds, including clicks, buzzes, and whistles, Low-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are far away, and high-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are close by, Dolphins are known to use short bursts of sound to stun prey before they move in for the kill.

14.4: Which of the following is true of echolocation?

Using echolocation, animals can only sense how far away an object is. They are not able to sense the size or shape of the object.

Sperm whales and dolphins generate sounds using their vocal cords.

Animals use reflected sound to sense their environment with echolocation.

All whales, dolphins, and porpoises use echolocation.

Animals use reflected sound to sense their environment with echolocation.

14.4: Which of the following anatomical features are found in dolphins?

phonic lips

blowhole

melon

junk compartment

monkey’s muzzle

phonic lips, blowhole, melon

14.4: When a sperm whale generates a click, the sound wave interacts with a variety of structures before it leaves the whale. What is the correct sequence of structures with which the sound wave interacts?

monkey’s muzzle, spermaceti, skull, junk compartments

14.4: Which of the following groups of organisms are considered zooplankton?

Jellyfish

Copepods

Radiolarians

Diatoms

Krill

Jellyfish, Copepods, Radiolarians, Krill

14.1: Judge the following sentence: Microscopic zooplankton are primary consumers BECAUSE they eat microscopic phytoplankton.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

14.2: Of the following statements about bioluminescence in deep-water nekton, which is/are true?

A flash of bioluminescent light can temporarily blind a predator, allowing the prey to escape.

The majority of deep-water nekton can bioluminesce.

Bioluminescence can be used to attract a mate.

Bioluminescent light can be used to stake out territory.

Bioluminescent organs can be used to achieve neutral buoyancy.

Bioluminescent light can attract and lure prey to a predator.

A flash of bioluminescent light can temporarily blind a predator, allowing the prey to escape, The majority of deep-water nekton can bioluminesce, Bioluminescence can be used to attract a mate, Bioluminescent light can be used to stake out territory, Bioluminescent light can attract and lure prey to a predator.

14.2: Deep-sea fish species exhibit which of the following adaptations to life in the deep ocean?

Hinged jaws

Rigid bodies

Insensitive eyes

Small mouths

Small sharp teeth

Hinged jaws

14.2: Which of the following fish waits patiently for prey and exerts themselves only in short bursts as they lunge?

Marlin

Swordfish

Tuna

Shark

Grouper

Grouper

14.3: Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship?

Parasitism

Mutualism

Mimicry

Commensalism

Counter-shading

Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

14.3: Which of the following statements about fish schooling behavior are true?

Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking.

Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack.

Schooling reduces the chance that a cruising predator might find one of their kind.

Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization.

Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm.

More than half of all fish species join schools during at least a portion of their lives.

Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking, Schooling reduces the chance that a cruising predator might find one of their kind, More than half of all fish species join schools during at least a portion of their lives.

Judge the following sentence: Usually a parasite does not rob enough energy to kill the host BECAUSE if the host dies, so does the parasite.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

14.4: Which of the following statements about odontocetes are true?

Odontoceti have prominent teeth and good vision.

Odontoceti have the ability to use echolocation.

Odontoceti have large brains relative to their body size.

Odontoceti use vocal cords to make clicks and whistles.

Odontoceti form long-lived social groups.

Odontoceti have prominent teeth and good vision, Odontoceti have the ability to use echolocation, Odontoceti have large brains relative to their body size, Odontoceti form long-lived social groups.

14.4: Which of the following characteristics about sirenians are true?

Sirenians such as manatees have nails on their front flippers.

They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often increase their risk of being run over by boats.

Their ancestors were wolflike creatures.

They are the only vegetarian marine mammals.

They lack all hair on their bodies.

They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers.

Sirenians such as manatees have nails on their front flippers, They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often increase their risk of being run over by boats, They are the only vegetarian marine mammals, They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers.

14.4: Which of the following is the most vocal cetacean?

Dolphin

Porpoise

Finback whale

Sperm whale

Killer whale

Sperm whale

14.4: Which of the following statements regarding Manatees is correct?

They have a paddle like tail and rounded front flippers.

They populate the tropical regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

Their land-dwelling ancestors were bear like.

They are the only vegetarian marine mammals.

They are known as "sea hippos."

They have a paddle like tail and rounded front flippers.

14.4: Marine mammals use sound for a variety of purposes. Which of these examples can only be accomplished by Odontocetes?

Vocalization to communicate with offspring

Direct sharp bursts of sound to stun prey

Sing complex songs to attract mates

Produce aggressive vocalizations to defend territories

Production of low-frequency sound to navigate

Direct sharp bursts of sound to stun prey

14.1: Squid have two long arms and ________ short arms.

eight

14.1: Which of the following are single-celled, microscopic protozoans that build their hard shells out of silica?

Coccolithophores

Copepods

Ctenophores

Foraminifers

Radiolarians

Radiolarians

14.1:Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Sei

Blue

Gray

Killer

Minke

Killer

14.1: The function of a swim bladder is:

to allow a fish to change position in the water column

14.1: What would happen to a fish with a body less dense than the surrounding seawater?

The fish would float on the ocean surface

14.1: What is a swim bladder?

an internal organ used to maintain neutral buoyancy

14.1: Some specialized deep-sea fish have a swim bladder that is filled with what to help them stay in the deep ocean?

fat

14.1: What happens to the swim bladder as a fish moves into deeper water?

The gas in the swim bladder expands due to increasing water pressure.

The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to decreasing water pressure.

The gas in the swim bladder expands, increasing the volume of the swim bladder.

The gas in the swim bladder contracts, decreasing the volume of the swim bladder.

The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to increasing water pressure.

The gas in the swim bladder contracts, decreasing the volume of the swim bladder, The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to increasing water pressure

14.1: Which of the following adaptations allows a fish to add or remove gases rapidly to change depths quickly?

a rigid gas container that is an internal chambered structure

a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct

a rigid gas container that is an external many-chambered shell

a swim bladder without a pneumatic duct

The ability to exchange gases through the blood

a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct

14.4: What suborder includes baleen whales?

Mysticeti

14.4: What is baleen made of?

keratin

14.4: What style of feeding is used by whales with rorqual folds?

gulp feeding

14.4: What type of whale captures prey by swimming at the surface with its mouth open to trap plankton in the fringe of its baleen?

skim-feeding right whales

14.4: What feeding strategy best describes that of humpback whales?

One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish.

They scoop up large quantities of sediments from the ocean floor to filter out invertebrates.

Individual whales will chase their prey and target a few of the largest fish.

One or more whales will blow bubbles to scare their prey into deeper waters, where they can easily catch their prey in large quantities.

They cooperatively swim along the surface of the water with their mouths open to create dense patches of plankton that they all feed on.

One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish

14.4: What type of whale feeds primarily on amphipods and shellfish?

gray whales that plunge into the muddy bottom and strain the invertebrates out

14.4: How does sonar work?

A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor

14.4: What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor?

depth, shape, and composition

14.4: How are echolocation and sonar different?

Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people.

14.4: Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation?

in the blowhole

14.4: What does a dolphin's melon do?

The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

14.4: How is the appearance of newborn gray whales different than adults (besides the obvious size difference)?

Newborn gray whales lack both barnacles and whale lice, which attach later in life.

14.4: Which of the following animals are whale barnacles closely related to?

shrimp

14.4: What do whale lice eat?

The skin of gray whales.

14.1: What part of a fish helps it sense vibrations in the water?

lateral lines

14.1: What part(s) of a fish is/are used for thunniform swimming?

caudal fins, myomeres

14.1: Which part of the fish is most commonly used to propel high-speed fish?

caudal fins

14.1: What is the role of the operculum?

covering the gills of the fish

14.4: What are krill?

small shrimp-like organisms

14.4: Where do amphipods live?

in bottom mud

14.4: How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms?

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

14.4: Why was the seawall constructed in La Jolla?

To create a quiet beach behind the seawall that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach.

14.4: What evidence exists that harbor seals have always been in the area?

The existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock

14.4: What is the harbor seal controversy at Children’s Pool in La Jolla California about?

Do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children’s Pool?

14.4: What is the main opposition of having harbor seals at Children’s Pool in La Jolla?

Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore.

14.4: Because the area has not yet been designated as a marine sanctuary, lifeguards are allowed to do what so that people can use the beach?

chase the harbor seals off the beach

14.4: Plates of baleen resemble what common household item?

a broom

14.4: One of the prey items of baleen whales are krill. What are krill?

small shrimp-like organisms

14.4: Which side of the baleen faces inside the mouth on a living whale?

the more fibrous side

14.4: How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms?

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

14.1: Judge the following sentence: Many microscopic zooplankton are omnivores BECAUSE they eat other zooplankton in addition to phytoplankton.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

14.1: Which of the following types of caudal fins is found in sharks?

Forked caudal fin

Heterocercal caudal fin

Lunate caudal fin

Rounded caudal fin

Truncate caudal fin

Heterocercal caudal fin

14.1: Most high-speed fish use their caudal fins ________.

for swim propulsion

14.1: Which of the following animals uses a swim bladder to achieve neutral buoyancy?

Snapper

Sharks

Tuna

Nautilus

Sepia

Snapper

14.1: Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Foraminiferans

Copepods

Radiolarians

Squid

Krill

Squid

14.1: The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as:

heterocercal

14.1: Which of the following macrozooplankton have sails that can be used to push them through the water?

krill

hydrozoan

salp

scyphozoan

chaetognath

hydrozoan

14.2: Which of the following fast-swimming fish has the lowest body temperature?

Yellowtail (Seriola)

Bonito (Sarda)

Mackerel (Scomber)

Bluefin tuna (Thynnus)

Moonfish Opah (Lampris guttatus)

Mackarel (Scomber)

14.2: White muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than red muscle tissue.

thicker; lower

14.2: Red muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than white muscle tissue.

thinner; higher

14.2: Red muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much ________ metabolic rate than white tissue.

greater; higher

14.2: Which of the following is not one of the reasons bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals?

Warning coloration

Attracting food

Counter illumination

Predator avoidance

Communication

Warning coloration

14.2: Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because:

it increases the power output of muscle tissue.

14.3: An example of a "cruiser" is a:

mackerel.

grouper.

tuna.

shark.

flounder.

tuna

14.3: An isopods attaching itself to a fish and derive its nutrition from the body fluids of the fish, robbing it of some of its energy supply, is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship?

Commensalism

Mutualism

Naturalism

Parallelism

Parasitism

Parasitism

14.3: The stinging tentacles of a sea anemone protecting a clown fish which chases away any fish that tries to feed on the anemone is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship?

Commensalism

Mutualism

Naturalism

Parallelism

Parasitism

Mutualism

14.3: A remora attaching itself to a shark to obtain food and transportation without harming its host is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship?

Commensalism

Mutualism

Naturalism

Parallelism

Parasitism

Commensalism

14.3: Judge the following sentence: Usually a parasite does not rob enough energy to kill the host BECAUSE if the host dies, the parasite can just swim away.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

14.3: Judge the following sentence: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish release a chemical into seawater that makes the stinging tentacles retract.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence: Schooling may help fish swim greater distances than individuals BECAUSE each schooling fish gets slowed down by the vortex created by the fish swimming in front of it.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

14.3: A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit is called _____.

mutualism

Judge the following sentence: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish have a protective agent in the mucus that coats their bodies.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

14.3: Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and __________.

the lateral line system

14.3: Which type of symbiotic relationship do barnacles that are attached to a large migrating whale represent?

Commensalism

14.4: Which of the following characteristics are shared by all marine mammals?

All marine animal mothers nurse their young with their milk.

All marine animals bear live young.

All marine animals are warm-blooded.

All marine animals breathe oxygen that is dissolved in seawater.

All marine animals have fur.

All marine animal mothers nurse their young with their milk, All marine animals bear live young, All marine animals are warm-blooded, All marine animals have fur

14.4: Which of the following marine carnivores are flipper-footed?

sea lions

polar bears

walruses

sea otters

seals

sea lions, walruses, seals

14.4: Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the order Sirenia?

The order Sirenia includes manatees and dugongs.

Manatees live in the tropical Indian Ocean and dugongs live in the Caribbean.

They are also called sea cows.

They are fast swimmers.

They are omnivores who eat meat and plants.

The order Sirenia includes manatees and dugongs, They are also called sea cows.

14.4: Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the order Cetacea?

Many species of whales were hunted to the brink of extinction, but with protection, many of them are now making a comeback.

Baleen is made out of the same material that makes up humans’ fingernails and hair.

The gray whale is the largest mammal on Earth.

Porpoises and dolphins are considered to be small whales.

The toothed whales eat fish and squid, and the baleen whales are vegetarian.

Many species of whales were hunted to the brink of extinction, but with protection, many of them are now making a comeback, Baleen is made out of the same material that makes up humans’ fingernails and hair, Porpoises and dolphins are considered to be small whales

14.4: Which of the following are considered baleen whales?

Blue whales

Right whales

Humpback whales

Gray whales

Sperm whales

Blue whales, Right whales, Humpback whales, Gray whales

14.4: Which of the following facts supporting advanced toothed whale intelligence is correct?

They resist being trained to respond to human hand signals.

Some wild dolphins have been reported to attack drowning humans.

They have large brains relative to their body size.

Their brains are highly compartmentalized.

They can communicate with humans by using sound.

They have large brains relative to their body size

14.4: In dolphins and porpoises, an organ called the ________ focuses the sounds they generate.

melon

14.4: Which of the following statements regarding Manatees is correct?

They populate the tropical regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

Their front flippers have nails that resemble the nails on elephant feet.

They eat more than 50 kinds of marine life.

They are short animals that can reach lengths of only up to 2 meters.

Their fur is thick, and each hair is dense for better insulation.

Their front flippers have nails that resemble the nails on elephant feet

14.4: Which of the following statements regarding dugongs is correct?

They are known as "sea hippos."

Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, concentrated around the mouth.

They can ascend steep slopes, climb stairs, and do other acrobatic tricks.

Their land-dwelling ancestors were cow like.

They are concentrated in coastal areas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean.

Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, concentrated around the mouth.

14.4: Which of the following statements regarding walruses is correct?

Their tusks are used for prying and killing.

They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long.

Their sharp claws are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs.

They lack an insulating layer of blubber.

Their hair is hollow for better insulation.

They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long