Axial Skeleton--The Skeletal System

How many bones are in the human body?

206 bones

What bone makes up our forehead?

frontal bone

What bone makes up the back of our skull

Occipital bone

What bone makes up the sides of our skull?

Temporal bones

What bone makes up the central top of our skull

Parietal bone

What bone makes up the base of our skull, shapes like a butterfly?

Sphenoid bone

Coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

lamdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

Squamous sutures

between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull

Sagittal suture

between parietal bones

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

Nasal bone

bridge of nose

Maxilla

upper jaw

Mandible

lower jaw

Mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

External acoustic meatus

ear canal

Fontanelles

soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn

Neck vertebrae

7 cervical vertebrae

Upper back vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae

lower back vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

Back of the pelvic girdle

sacrum

Tail bone

coccyx

What are the two primary curvatures of the spine?

thoracic and sacral

What are the tow secondary curvatures of the spine?

Cervical and lumbar

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis

increased thoracic curve, "hunchback"

Lordosis

Increased lumbar curve, "swayback"

Vertebral body

Anterior weight-bearing structure in the spine made of compact and spongy bone.

Pedicle

bridge of bone extending from posterior aspect of body

Transverse process of vertebra

extends laterally from each pedicle in the transverse plane

Lamina

back arch of the vertebra

Spinous process

posterior projection of the vertebrae

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

intervertebral foramen

opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

transverse foramen

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertabral artery, vein, and nerve

Foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

Atlas

C1 allows the head to say "yes"

Axis

C2, allows the head to say "no" due to dens structure.

Inner portion or the Intervertebral disc (IVD)

Nucleus Palposis

Outer portion of intervertebral disc

annulus fibrosis

How may discs are their in the human spine

23

What tissue is the intervertebral disc made from?

Fibrocartilage

Manubrium of the sternum

top of sternum

Body of the sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

True ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

False ribs

Ribs 8-12 do not directly attach to the sternum. Some connect to other costal cartilages while others do not connect to the sternum at all.

Floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs (11+12); do not attach to sternum