Chapter 4: Social Perception & Managing Diversity - Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Social Perception and Managing Diversity, including definitions of perception, stereotypes, diversity, and managerial implications, as well as addressing discrimination and the glass ceiling.

What is perception?

A cognitive process that allows us to interpret and understand our surroundings, affecting actions and decisions.

What three characteristics influence person perception?

The perceiver, the target, and the situation.

Define implicit cognition.

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness, potentially leading to biased decisions inadvertently.

How can bias in hiring decisions be reduced?

Through training, the use of structured interviews, and employing multiple interviewers.

What is a stereotype?

An individual’s set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group.

What are the four steps in how stereotypes are formed and maintained?

Categorization, inferences, expectations, and maintenance.

What is diversity?

The multitude of individual similarities and differences that exist among people.

Distinguish between surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity.

Surface-level diversity refers to easily perceived personal characteristics, while deep-level diversity refers to characteristics not readily apparent at first glance and that take time to emerge.

In the context of DEI, what does 'inclusion' mean?

Making people feel like they can be their true authentic selves and that they fit within the organization.

According to the access-and-legitimacy perspective, what is a business benefit of managing diversity?

Having diverse employees gives organizations access to more diverse markets and greater legitimacy in those markets.

When does discrimination occur in employment decisions?

When employment decisions are made using individual characteristics or attributes that are not related to the job.

What major federal act protects employees from discrimination based on race, sex, religion, color, or national origin?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964.

What is the 'glass ceiling' in the context of workforce diversity?

A figurative barrier that prevents marginalized groups from reaching high-level leadership positions and professional roles, leading to underrepresentation, lower earnings, and more discrimination cases.

What is the approximate pay gap for the average woman compared to men in the same job, as noted in the lecture?

The average woman earns about 83% as much as men in the same job, amounting to a $10,000 difference per year.

How many more job applications do racial and ethnic minorities have to complete on average to get invited for a job interview compared to White candidates?

50% more job applications.