Anatomy wk3 tables and exam questions

The conjunctiva from lid margin to limbus - slide 10

The limbus — a transition zone in four senses - slide 12

Q1 Bulbar conjunctiva joins the keratinised epidermis of the eyelid skin - true or false? **Palpebral conjunctiva joins the skin slide 13

False

Q2 Goblet cells produce --------through unicellular ----------------------- that contain clusters of ------------------------. slide 14

mucin

apocrine

secretory vesicles

The tear film — three layers, four functions - slide 14

Q4 What is the innermost layer of the tear film? - S17

Mucin layer

Q5 Basal secretion of the aqueous layer is done by - S18

1. Gland of Krause (fornix)

2. Gland of Wolfring (palpebral conjunctiva)

The five layers of the cornea - s23

Q9 Corneal epithelium contains -------------- for better adherence with tears, and --------------------------------------to prevent passive uptake of excess tear film fluid. s24

1. Microvilli

2. tight junctions and desmosomes

** (a) The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich coating present on the external surface of plasma membranes

(b) The major component is glycans composed of monosaccharides linked to each other

(c) Maximises the surface area with the mucinous layer of the tear film

Q10 Basal corneal layer is attached to the acellular basement membrane (or basal lamina) via ----------------------------. s27

hemidesmosome complex

Q12 Cornea is supplied by the --------------- and ----------------------of the ---------------------- of the ------ cranial nerve.

What are the 3x networks of nerves?

Which 2x areas are the corneal nerves absent? s32

long ciliary nerve, short ciliary nerve, Ophthalmic div, V

Three network of nerves: epithelial, sub-epithelial and mid-stromal

Corneal nerves are absent in the deep stroma and endothelium

How an avascular tissue stays alive requirements, sources and consequences (all x5) - s33

Q13 Name 4 important anatomical factors important for corneal transparency? s34 ***WILL BE IN EXAM

1. Regular collagen fibril diameter and spacing (read Lattice and Goldman theories)

2. Regular collagen lamellae separation

3. Sparsely cellular

4. Avascular

5. Smooth tear film

6. Non-pigmented

7. Regulated thickness due to stable water content (approx. 78%) and regulated IOP

Corneal transparency requirements, how and clinical failures (all x4) - s35

Q14 ----------------------- ion-pump present in the corneal ------------is the most important moderator of corneal hydration. s36

Na+/K-/ATP-ase, endothelium

**For every ATP molecule that the pump uses, three sodium ions are exported and two potassium ions are imported

Sclera layers x3 openings x2 - s39

Q15 Why is the sclera opaque and cornea transparent? s40 → leading to table next flashcard

Because of the variable collagen fibril diameter and overlapping collagen lamellae in the sclera

Cornea vs Sclera - Same collagen, opposite optical outcome (vs x5, result, and where does the corneal stroma and sclera meet?) - s41

Q16 Optic nerve exits the sclera through -------------------------------------- that is occupied by a collagenous sieve-like structure called the --------------------. s42

posterior scleral foramen

lamina cribrosa

Q17 Outermost layer of the sclera ------------- is covered by the ------------------- posteriorly and the ----------------- anteriorly.

-------------------- separates episclera from the Tenon’s capsule. S43

episclera, Tenon’s capsule, conjunctiva, episcleral space