UNIT 7 REVIEW FOR SAQ

Imperialism: The Spanish War (1898) (UNIT 7)

US Expansion and Influence in the Western Hemisphere
• William H. Seward, secretary of state under Lincoln and Johnson, initiated increased American involvement in the Western Hemisphere.
• The Monroe Doctrine was invoked to force France out of Mexico.
• Expansionism and imperialism were popular among Americans.
• The US annexed Hawaii in 1898 after three decades of economic and governmental intervention.

The Cuban Civil War and the Spanish-American War
• The Cuban Civil War was sparked by U.S. tampering with the Cuban economy.
• The U.S. drove Spain and the Spanish out of Cuba and the Philippines.

The Platt Amendment and the Philippines
• The Platt Amendment gave the U.S. control over Cuban foreign affairs.
• The amendment was repealed in 1934 during FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy.

The Philippines and the U.S.
• U.S. annexation was based on the belief that Americans had a moral obligation to "Christianize and civilize" Filipinos.
• The U.S. participated in brutal guerilla warfare to subdue the Filipino anti-annexation revolt.

The 1901-1903 Insular Cases
• The Supreme Court ruled that colonial subjects were not entitled to the same protections and privileges as U.S. citizens.

Asian Market Entry
• President McKinley sought an Open Door Policy for Western nations to trade with Asia.

Progressivism (UNIT 7)

Progressive Reforms in the US

• Progressives were urban, middle-class reformers who aimed to increase government's role in reform while maintaining a capitalist economy.
• Progressive journalists, known as muckrakers, wrote exposés of corporate greed and misconduct.
• Theodore Roosevelt, a Progressive leader, used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dispel corporate monopolies and promote the Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, and National Park Service.
• Roosevelt was an intense imperialist abroad, promoting rebel insurrection in Panama and forming the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
• Republican William Howard Taft continued Progressive ideals, spearheading the drive for two constitutional amendments: the 16th Amendment and the 17th Amendment.
• Democratic Woodrow Wilson created the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Reserve System, but was an outspoken white supremacist.
• The 18th Amendment, passed in 1919, banned the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages, but was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.
• The 19th Amendment, passed in 1920, won women the right to vote.
• Progressivism lasted until the end of World War I, when most Progressive goals had been met and the American people were too war-weary to advocate for further reformation.

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