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Spore forming bacilli:
I. Bacillus
II. Clostridium
III. Actinomycetes
IV. Streptomyces
V. Corynebacterium diptheriae
VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
VII. Listeria monocytogenes
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
b. I, II
c. III, IV, V, VI, VII
d. I, II, III
e. IV, V, VI, VII
b. I, II
Bacillus
Clostridium
True about bacillus:
a. Obligate aerobe
b. Majority are motile
c. Can be source of antibiotics
d. a and b
e. All
e. All
The only non-motile bacillus.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
a. Bacillus anthracis
Source of bacitracin.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
c. Bacillus subtilis
Source of polymixin.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
d. Bacillus polymyxa
Bacillus that is boxcar shaped with capsule but nonmotile.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
a. Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is zoonotic specificall from:
a. Dog
b. Sheep
c. Cow
d. Pig
c. Cow
Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the injured skin.
a. Cutaneous anthrax
b. GI anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax
a. Cutaneous anthrax - formation of papule that may lead to necrotic ulcer and eventually eschar.
Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the mucous membranes.
a. Cutaneous anthrax
b. GI anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax
b. GI anthrax - cause bowel ulceration that can lead to sepsis
Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the respiratory tract.
a. Cutaneous anthrax
b. GI anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax - Pulmonary hemorrhage (fatal)
Also known as Woolsorter's disease.
a. Cutaneous anthrax
b. GI anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax
c. Inhalational anthrax
Boxcar shaped bacillus that causes Woolsorter's disease.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
a. Bacillus anthracis
Motile not capsulated bacilli that causes poisoning from fried rice.
a. Bacillus anthracis
b. Bacillus cereus
c. Bacillus subtilis
d. Bacillus polymyxa
b. Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus infection from fried rice will lead to
a. Emetic form infection
b. Diarrheal form infection
a. Emetic form infection - vomiting and abdominal cramps
Bacillus cereus infection from meat and vegetables will lead to
a. Emetic form infection
b. Diarrheal form infection
b. Diarrheal form infection - diarrhea and abdominal cramps
Management for Bacillus cereus for minor symptoms.
a. Fluid replacement
b. Vancomycin
c. Clindamycin
d. b and c
f. All
a. Fluid replacement
Clostridium species are obligate anaerobe. All of them are motile except:
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
c. Clostridium perfringens
Club-shaped clostridium with subterminal spores.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
c. Clostridium perfringens
Tennis racket or drumstick shaped clostridium with spherical and terminal spores.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
a. Clostridium tetani
Mode of transmission is skin penetration from soil contaminated objects.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
a. Clostridium tetani
Contains tetanospamin which inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitter agents such as glycine, GABA, thus leading to spastic paralysis.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
a. Clostridium tetani
First sign of infection include trismus or lockjaw which will eventually be followed by the triad of spastic paralysis, opisthotonos, and sardonic smile (Risus sardonicus).
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
a. Clostridium tetani
May cause spastic paralysis from cutting umbilical cord with unsterile equipment in home delivery labors.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
a. Clostridium tetani - this is known as Tetanus neonatorum
Main cause of death from Clostridium tetani infection:
a. Spastic paralysis
b. Tetanus neonatorum
c. Diaphragmatic paralysis
d. Trismus
e. Risus sardonicus
c. Diaphragmatic paralysis - paralysis of the respiratory muscles
Treatment for Clostridium tetani infection.
a. Metronidazole
b. Tetanus toxoid + tetanus antitoxin
c. Spasmolytic agents such as Diazepam
d. a and b
e. All
e. All
Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for children.
a. DPT
b. Tdap
c. Both
d. None of these
a. DPT - All are high doses. (Capital means high doses)
Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for adult.
a. DPT
b. Tdap
c. Both
d. None of these
b. Tdap
Contains a toxin inhibits release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neuron causing flaccid paralysis.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
b. Clostridium botulinum
True about Clostridium botulinum:
a. Can be used for treatment of wrinkles
b. Can be present in bulging canned goods
c. Can be destroyed by heating at 100°C for 20 minutes.
d. a and b
e. All
e. All
Can cause the floppy baby syndrome which is a flaccid paralysis causes by ingestion of this bacterial spores from infected honey.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
b. Clostridium botulinum
Causes paralysis of the respiratory muscles in adults from ingestion of preformed toxins from infected canned goods.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
b. Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium from soil which produce target or double hemolysis on blood agar plate.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
c. Clostridium perfringens
Positive in Nagler reaction producing stormy fermentation of milk.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
c. Clostridium perfringens
Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that causes food poisoning.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Lecithinase
c. Hemolysin
d. Epsilon toxin
a. Enterotoxin A
Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that produce necrotizing effect that may lead to gas gangrene or DM foot.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Lecithinase
c. Hemolysin
d. Epsilon toxin
b. Lecithinase
Management for DM foot:
a. Hyperbaric oxygen
b. Debridement
c. Amputation
d. a and b
e. All
e. All
Alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Lecithinase
c. Hemolysin
d. Epsilon toxin
b. Lecithinase
Teta toxin of Clostridium perfringens.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Lecithinase
c. Hemolysin
d. Epsilon toxin
c. Hemolysin
Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that is hemolytic.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Alpha toxin
c. Teta toxin
d. Epsilon toxin
c. Teta toxin - hemolysin
Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that may be used for bioterrorism.
a. Enterotoxin A
b. Lecithinase
c. Hemolysin
d. Epsilon toxin
d. Epsilon toxin
True about Clostridial myonecrosis except:
a. Severe muscular infection with gas gangrene
b. Hemorrhage and red-black discoloration
c. Usually seen in DM patients accompanied by neuropathy
d. Foul-smelling discharge: mixed infection
e. Complication is sepsis which may cause death
f. None
f. None
Main drug treatment for Clostridium perfringen infections
a. Penicillin
b. Ampiciilin
c. Gentamicin
d. Vancomycin
a. Penicillin
Normal flora of the large intestine which may release toxin subunit A causing colitis.
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Clostridium perfringens
d. Clostridium difficile
d. Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile infection is associated with chronic antibiotic use including:
a. Clindamycin
b. Cephalosporin
c. Ampicillin
d. a and b
e. All
e. All
With chronic antibiotic use, the normal flora die and they left pseudomembrane thus leading to pseudomembranous colitis.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Management for pseudomembranous colitis except:
a. Stopping antibiotic use
b. Vancomycin
c. Metronidazole
d. Fecal transplant
e. None
e. None
DOC for pseudomembranous colitis.
a. Oral Vancomycin
b. IV Vancomycin
c. Metronidazole
d. Penicillin
a. Oral Vancomycin
Alternative drug for pseudomembranous colitis.
a. Oral Vancomycin
b. IV Vancomycin
c. Metronidazole
d. Penicillin
c. Metronidazole
Non spore-forming bacilli:
I. Bacillus
II. Clostridium
III. Actinomycetes
IV. Streptomyces
V. Corynebacterium diptheriae
VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
VII. Listeria monocytogenes
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
b. I, II
c. III, IV, V, VI, VII
d. I, II, III
e. IV, V, VI, VII
c. III, IV, V, VI, VII
Actinomycetes
Streptomyces
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
Listeria monocytogenes
Formerly classified under kingdom fungi which are branching and filamentous under microscope.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
a. Actinomycetes
Anaerobic actinomycetes:
a. Actinomyces israelli
b. Nocardia asteroides
c. Actinomadura madurae
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
a. Actinomyces israelli
Aerobic actinomycetes:
a. Actinomyces israelli
b. Nocardia asteroides
c. Actinomadura madurae
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
e. b and c
Nocardia asteroides
Actinomadura madurae
Normal flora of the skin and oral cavity which can cause actinomycosis or lumpy jaw characterized by abscess usually in the mandible.
a. Actinomyces israelli
b. Nocardia asteroides
c. Actinomadura madurae
a. Actinomyces israelli
Treatment for Actinomyces israelli infection.
a. Penicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Ketoconazole
d. Cefuroxime
e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
a. Penicillin
A weakly aerobic acid fast actinomycetes which can cause pneumonia.
a. Actinomyces israelli
b. Nocardia asteroides
c. Actinomadura madurae
b. Nocardia asteroides - pneumonia specifically Nocardiosis
Treatment for nocardiosis.
a. Penicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Ketoconazole
d. Cefuroxime
e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
Aerobic actinomycetes that causes blockade of lymph leading to mycetoma.
a. Actinomyces israelli
b. Nocardia asteroides
c. Actinomadura madurae
c. Actinomadura madurae
Eumycetoma is fungal mycetoma treated with:
a. Ketoconazole
b. Amputation
b. Amputation
Actinomycetoma is bacterial mycetoma treated with:
a. Ketoconazole
b. Amputation
a. Ketoconazole
Primary source of antibiotics.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
b. Streptomyces
Source of streptomycin.
a. Streptomyces erytheus
b. Streptomyces griseus
c. Streptomyces licolnensis
d. Streptomyces orientalis
e. Streptomyces roseosporus
b. Streptomyces griseus
Source of vancomycin.
a. Streptomyces erytheus
b. Streptomyces griseus
c. Streptomyces licolnensis
d. Streptomyces orientalis
e. Streptomyces roseosporus
d. Streptomyces orientalis
Source of daptomycin.
a. Streptomyces erytheus
b. Streptomyces griseus
c. Streptomyces licolnensis
d. Streptomyces orientalis
e. Streptomyces roseosporus
e. Streptomyces roseosporus
Source of chloramphenicol.
a. Streptomyces venezuelae
b. Streptomyces orchidaceous
c. Streptomyces nodosus
d. Streptomyces noursei
a. Streptomyces venezuelae
Source of cylcoserine.
a. Streptomyces venezuelae
b. Streptomyces orchidaceous
c. Streptomyces nodosus
d. Streptomyces noursei
b. Streptomyces orchidaceous
Source of amphotericin B.
a. Streptomyces venezuelae
b. Streptomyces orchidaceous
c. Streptomyces nodosus
d. Streptomyces noursei
c. Streptomyces nodosus
Source of nystatin.
a. Streptomyces venezuelae
b. Streptomyces orchidaceous
c. Streptomyces nodosus
d. Streptomyces noursei
d. Streptomyces noursei
Non-motile, club-shaped bacilli with Chinese character arrangement/palisades.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
Gray colonies on blood agar plate.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
Schixck test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its:
a. Toxigenicity
b. Susceptibility
b. Susceptibility
Elek test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its
a. Toxigenicity
b. Susceptibility
a. Toxigenicity
Diagnose through Dacron swab.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
Fragment A inhibits the elongation factor 2 inhibiting protein synthesis which may lead to death.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
Management for Corynebacterium diptheriae.
a. Erythromycin
b. Pen G
c. Diptheria antitoxin
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
H2S producing organism causing zoonotic infection to which fishermen, fish handlers, butchers have the greatest risk to.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
Causes whale finger or seal finger which is a raised violaceous lesion on the ringer without pus.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
Treatment for Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae infection:
a. Penicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Ketoconazole
d. Cefuroxime
e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
a. Penicillin
Has tumbling motility with umbrella growth pattern.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
e. Listeria monocytogenes
Important food-borne pathogen as it can survive refrigerator temperature, low pH and high salt content.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
e. Listeria monocytogenes
The only gram positive organism that can produce endotoxin.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
e. Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes virulent factor responsible for inhibiting phagocytosis.
a. Listeriolysin
b. Endotoxin
a. Listeriolysin
Asymptomatic bacteremia caused by Listeria monocytogenes.
a. Adult Human Listeriosis
b. Perinatal Human Listeriosis
a. Adult Human Listeriosis
Can cause neonatal sepsis (granulomatosis infactseptica) and neonatal meningitis.
a. Actinomycetes
b. Streptomyces
c. Corynebacterium diptheriae
d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
e. Listeria monocytogenes
e. Listeria monocytogenes
Treatment for Listeria monocytogenes infection.
a. Penicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin
d. Cefuroxime
e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin
