M6: Microbiology, Parasitology, and Public Health - Bacteriology - Part 3 - Gram Positive Bacilli

Spore forming bacilli:

I. Bacillus

II. Clostridium

III. Actinomycetes

IV. Streptomyces

V. Corynebacterium diptheriae

VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

VII. Listeria monocytogenes

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III

e. IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II

Bacillus

Clostridium

True about bacillus:

a. Obligate aerobe

b. Majority are motile

c. Can be source of antibiotics

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

The only non-motile bacillus.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

a. Bacillus anthracis

Source of bacitracin.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

c. Bacillus subtilis

Source of polymixin.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

d. Bacillus polymyxa

Bacillus that is boxcar shaped with capsule but nonmotile.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

a. Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is zoonotic specificall from:

a. Dog

b. Sheep

c. Cow

d. Pig

c. Cow

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the injured skin.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

a. Cutaneous anthrax - formation of papule that may lead to necrotic ulcer and eventually eschar.

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the mucous membranes.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

b. GI anthrax - cause bowel ulceration that can lead to sepsis

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the respiratory tract.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax - Pulmonary hemorrhage (fatal)

Also known as Woolsorter's disease.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

Boxcar shaped bacillus that causes Woolsorter's disease.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

a. Bacillus anthracis

Motile not capsulated bacilli that causes poisoning from fried rice.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

b. Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus infection from fried rice will lead to

a. Emetic form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection

a. Emetic form infection - vomiting and abdominal cramps

Bacillus cereus infection from meat and vegetables will lead to

a. Emetic form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection - diarrhea and abdominal cramps

Management for Bacillus cereus for minor symptoms.

a. Fluid replacement

b. Vancomycin

c. Clindamycin

d. b and c

f. All

a. Fluid replacement

Clostridium species are obligate anaerobe. All of them are motile except:

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Club-shaped clostridium with subterminal spores.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Tennis racket or drumstick shaped clostridium with spherical and terminal spores.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

Mode of transmission is skin penetration from soil contaminated objects.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

Contains tetanospamin which inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitter agents such as glycine, GABA, thus leading to spastic paralysis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

First sign of infection include trismus or lockjaw which will eventually be followed by the triad of spastic paralysis, opisthotonos, and sardonic smile (Risus sardonicus).

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

May cause spastic paralysis from cutting umbilical cord with unsterile equipment in home delivery labors.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani - this is known as Tetanus neonatorum

Main cause of death from Clostridium tetani infection:

a. Spastic paralysis

b. Tetanus neonatorum

c. Diaphragmatic paralysis

d. Trismus

e. Risus sardonicus

c. Diaphragmatic paralysis - paralysis of the respiratory muscles

Treatment for Clostridium tetani infection.

a. Metronidazole

b. Tetanus toxoid + tetanus antitoxin

c. Spasmolytic agents such as Diazepam

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for children.

a. DPT

b. Tdap

c. Both

d. None of these

a. DPT - All are high doses. (Capital means high doses)

Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for adult.

a. DPT

b. Tdap

c. Both

d. None of these

b. Tdap

Contains a toxin inhibits release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neuron causing flaccid paralysis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

b. Clostridium botulinum

True about Clostridium botulinum:

a. Can be used for treatment of wrinkles

b. Can be present in bulging canned goods

c. Can be destroyed by heating at 100°C for 20 minutes.

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

Can cause the floppy baby syndrome which is a flaccid paralysis causes by ingestion of this bacterial spores from infected honey.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

b. Clostridium botulinum

Causes paralysis of the respiratory muscles in adults from ingestion of preformed toxins from infected canned goods.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

b. Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium from soil which produce target or double hemolysis on blood agar plate.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Positive in Nagler reaction producing stormy fermentation of milk.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that causes food poisoning.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

a. Enterotoxin A

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that produce necrotizing effect that may lead to gas gangrene or DM foot.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

b. Lecithinase

Management for DM foot:

a. Hyperbaric oxygen

b. Debridement

c. Amputation

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

Alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

b. Lecithinase

Teta toxin of Clostridium perfringens.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

c. Hemolysin

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that is hemolytic.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Alpha toxin

c. Teta toxin

d. Epsilon toxin

c. Teta toxin - hemolysin

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that may be used for bioterrorism.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

d. Epsilon toxin

True about Clostridial myonecrosis except:

a. Severe muscular infection with gas gangrene

b. Hemorrhage and red-black discoloration

c. Usually seen in DM patients accompanied by neuropathy

d. Foul-smelling discharge: mixed infection

e. Complication is sepsis which may cause death

f. None

f. None

Main drug treatment for Clostridium perfringen infections

a. Penicillin

b. Ampiciilin

c. Gentamicin

d. Vancomycin

a. Penicillin

Normal flora of the large intestine which may release toxin subunit A causing colitis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

d. Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile infection is associated with chronic antibiotic use including:

a. Clindamycin

b. Cephalosporin

c. Ampicillin

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

With chronic antibiotic use, the normal flora die and they left pseudomembrane thus leading to pseudomembranous colitis.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Management for pseudomembranous colitis except:

a. Stopping antibiotic use

b. Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Fecal transplant

e. None

e. None

DOC for pseudomembranous colitis.

a. Oral Vancomycin

b. IV Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Penicillin

a. Oral Vancomycin

Alternative drug for pseudomembranous colitis.

a. Oral Vancomycin

b. IV Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Penicillin

c. Metronidazole

Non spore-forming bacilli:

I. Bacillus

II. Clostridium

III. Actinomycetes

IV. Streptomyces

V. Corynebacterium diptheriae

VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

VII. Listeria monocytogenes

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III

e. IV, V, VI, VII

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

Actinomycetes

Streptomyces

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Listeria monocytogenes

Formerly classified under kingdom fungi which are branching and filamentous under microscope.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

a. Actinomycetes

Anaerobic actinomycetes:

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Actinomyces israelli

Aerobic actinomycetes:

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

Nocardia asteroides

Actinomadura madurae

Normal flora of the skin and oral cavity which can cause actinomycosis or lumpy jaw characterized by abscess usually in the mandible.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

a. Actinomyces israelli

Treatment for Actinomyces israelli infection.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

a. Penicillin

A weakly aerobic acid fast actinomycetes which can cause pneumonia.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

b. Nocardia asteroides - pneumonia specifically Nocardiosis

Treatment for nocardiosis.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

Aerobic actinomycetes that causes blockade of lymph leading to mycetoma.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

c. Actinomadura madurae

Eumycetoma is fungal mycetoma treated with:

a. Ketoconazole

b. Amputation

b. Amputation

Actinomycetoma is bacterial mycetoma treated with:

a. Ketoconazole

b. Amputation

a. Ketoconazole

Primary source of antibiotics.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

b. Streptomyces

Source of streptomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

b. Streptomyces griseus

Source of vancomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

d. Streptomyces orientalis

Source of daptomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

Source of chloramphenicol.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

Source of cylcoserine.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

Source of amphotericin B.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

c. Streptomyces nodosus

Source of nystatin.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

d. Streptomyces noursei

Non-motile, club-shaped bacilli with Chinese character arrangement/palisades.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Gray colonies on blood agar plate.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Schixck test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its:

a. Toxigenicity

b. Susceptibility

b. Susceptibility

Elek test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its

a. Toxigenicity

b. Susceptibility

a. Toxigenicity

Diagnose through Dacron swab.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Fragment A inhibits the elongation factor 2 inhibiting protein synthesis which may lead to death.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Management for Corynebacterium diptheriae.

a. Erythromycin

b. Pen G

c. Diptheria antitoxin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

H2S producing organism causing zoonotic infection to which fishermen, fish handlers, butchers have the greatest risk to.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Causes whale finger or seal finger which is a raised violaceous lesion on the ringer without pus.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Treatment for Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae infection:

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

a. Penicillin

Has tumbling motility with umbrella growth pattern.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Important food-borne pathogen as it can survive refrigerator temperature, low pH and high salt content.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

The only gram positive organism that can produce endotoxin.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes virulent factor responsible for inhibiting phagocytosis.

a. Listeriolysin

b. Endotoxin

a. Listeriolysin

Asymptomatic bacteremia caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

a. Adult Human Listeriosis

b. Perinatal Human Listeriosis

a. Adult Human Listeriosis

Can cause neonatal sepsis (granulomatosis infactseptica) and neonatal meningitis.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Treatment for Listeria monocytogenes infection.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin