psych test

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main categories of developmental change?

Multidirectional

Changes in intelligence, language, and thought are considered which category of change?

Cognitive

Changes in relationships, emotions, and personality are considered physical changes

false

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lifespan perspective?

A. Lifelong
B. Multidirectional
C. Plastic

If Noah is 4 years old, which period of development would he be in

Early childhood

A 9-year-old would be considered in which developmental period?

Middle/late childhood

Which period occurs from approximately ages 12–18?

Adolescence

Retirement would most likely be considered which type of influence?

Normative age-graded

Experiencing a major war shared by your generation would be considered a normative history-graded influence.

True

Which of the following would most likely be considered a non-normative event?

Winning the lottery

Chronological age refers to

Years elapsed since birth

Psychological age refers to a person's biological health

False

Connectedness with others and the social roles a person adopts describe:

Social age

Which type of aging involves faster-than-normal health and cognitive declines?

Pathological aging

Psychoanalytic theories emphasize

Early childhood experiences and unconscious processes

Freud and Erikson are associated with psychoanalytic theories

True

Piaget and Vygotsky are most closely associated with which theories?

Cognitive

Which theorists are associated with behavioral and social-cognitive theories

Skinner and Bandura

Development occurring through rewards, punishments, and observing others is emphasized by

Behavioral and social-cognitive theories

The prenatal period lasts from conception until birth

True

Prenatal development occurs in how many major stages?

Three

Which is the correct order of prenatal development?

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

The germinal period occurs during

The first two weeks after conception

A fertilized egg cell is called a

Zygote

During the germinal period, the organism eventually becomes known as a blastocyst

True

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall begins approximately

6–7 days after conception

Full implantation marks the end of which period?

Germinal

The embryonic period occurs approximately

2–8 weeks

During the embryonic period, the developing organism is called a:

Embryo

Which of the following cushions and protects the embryo?

Amniotic fluid

The umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the placenta

True

The brain and spinal cord develop from the:

Neural tube

The fetal period begins around

Week 9

By approximately what week do the ovaries and testes differentiate?

Week 9

Around what week can fetal movement be felt by the mother

16

Neurogenesis refers to

Generation of new neurons

Neural migration occurs during the fetal period.

true

Which of the following best defines a teratogen

An agent capable of negatively affecting prenatal development

Which of the following could be considered a prenatal developmental hazard?

A. Nicotine
B. Radiation
C. Maternal disease

The Apgar scale is used to

Assess newborn health

when is the Apgar scale typically administered

At 1 and 5 minutes after birth

Which of the following is NOT assessed by the Apgar scale?

Intelligence

Low birth weight is defined in the notes as weighing less than

5 lb 8 oz

Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy

True

Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and damage to the liver and kidneys

Preeclampsia

Eclampsia is a complication of preeclampsia that can cause:

Seizures

A miscarriage is defined in the notes as natural pregnancy loss before:

20 weeks

SIDS refers to the sudden and unexplained death of an infant younger than one year.

True

Which of the following is listed as a SIDS risk factor?

A. Stomach sleeping
B. Overheating
C. Overly soft sleeping surfaces

inadequate prenatal care is associated with an increased risk of:

A. Low birth weight
B. Preterm delivery
C. Untreated complications

The infant brain is considered especially

Plastic

Myelination improves:

The efficiency of neural connections

Which lobe is involved in voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and impulse control?

Frontal

The occipital lobes primarily function in:

Vision

Hearing, language processing, and memory are associated with the:

Temporal lobes

Spatial location and attention are associated with the:

Parietal lobes

Newborns typically sleep approximately

14–17 hours per day

Research in the notes suggests sleep is helpful for memory, language, and executive function.

True

Cephalocaudal growth means development proceeds:

Head to toe

Proximodistal growth means development proceeds:

Middle outward

Which of the following is NOT listed as an infant reflex?

Pincer

the Moro reflex is also known as the

Startle reflex

Gross motor skills involve:

Large-muscle activities

Babies typically roll from back to front around:

4–5 months

Babies typically sit unsupported around:

7–8 months

Fine motor skills involve finely tuned movements such as finger dexterity.

True

Grasping a small object using the thumb and forefinger is called

Pincer grip

Piaget believed children are active in their understanding of the world.

True

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the:

Sensorimotor stage

The sensorimotor stage lasts approximately

Birth to age 2

During the sensorimotor stage, children primarily understand the world through:

Sensory experiences and movement

Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge are called:

Schemes

A child sees a cat for the first time and calls it a dog because both are furry. This is an example of:

Assimilation

A child learns that cats and dogs are different and adjusts their existing understanding. This is:

Accommodation

Organization refers to the ability to:

Group thoughts and behaviors into a system

Implicit memory develops earlier than explicit memory.

True

Deferred imitation develops around:

Distress and needs

Cooing expresses:

Pleasure

Babbling demonstrates a desire to imitate human speech.

True

A vocabulary spurt usually occurs between:

18–24 months

"Daddy go" would be an example of:

Telegraphic speech

Which of the following can contribute to language delays according to the notes?

A. Hearing impairment
B. Neglect or under-stimulation
C. Autism

Which of the following is a primary emotion?

Fear

Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?

Embarrassment

Self-conscious emotions require:

Self-awareness

Social referencing helps children:

Determine how to act in a situation

A social smile occurs in response to:

An external stimulus

Social smiles begin appearing around:

2 months

Stranger anxiety typically appears during:

The second half of year one

Distressed crying when a caregiver leaves is known as:

Separation protest

Separation protest peaks at approximately:

13–15 months

Erikson's first stage of socioemotional development is:

Trust vs. mistrust

Self-recognition develops by approximately

18 months

The rouge or mirror test is associated with

Self-recognition

A child who is generally positive and happy would be classified as a

Easy child

A child who cries frequently, reacts negatively, and is difficult to get into a routine would be classified as:

Difficult

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation is used to assess

Attachment style

Interacting with a child in a way that encourages turn-taking and supports the child's efforts is called:

Scaffolding