HBS

Cornea

The clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye and helps to focus incoming light.

Pupil

The opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Iris

The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.

Lens

The transparent structure behind the iris that further focuses light onto the retina.

Retina

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals.

Optic nerve

The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Sclera

The white, outer layer of the eye that provides structure and protection.

Macula

The central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

Vitreous humor

The clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina, helping to maintain the eye's shape.

Conjunctivitis

An inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, which can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, allergens, or irritants.

Glaucoma

A condition caused by increased pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve.

Macular Degeneration

A disease caused by the deterioration of the macula, often age-related.

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

A condition in which the eye is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing difficulty seeing distant objects clearly.

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

A condition in which the eye is too short or the cornea is too flat, causing difficulty seeing close objects clearly.

Cataracts

Clouding of the eye's lens, often age-related, leading to blurred vision.

Astigmatism

A condition caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, leading to blurred or distorted vision.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A condition where broken blood vessels under the conjunctiva cause a bright red patch on the white of the eye, usually without pain or vision changes.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Filtration

The process by which blood plasma is filtered through the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule.

Secretion

The process by which substances are moved from the blood into the nephron tubule.

Reabsorption

The process by which water and essential solutes are reabsorbed from the nephron tubule back into the blood.