Andrew Jackson's Presidency and Reform Movements

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Jackson's Inauguration

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Marking the beginning of Andrew Jackson's presidency in 1829, his inauguration symbolized the 'rise of the common man,' as large crowds of ordinary citizens attended, reflecting his populist appeal.

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Spoils System

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A practice initiated during Jackson's presidency, where political supporters were rewarded with government jobs, emphasizing loyalty over merit.

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22 Terms

1

Jackson's Inauguration

Marking the beginning of Andrew Jackson's presidency in 1829, his inauguration symbolized the 'rise of the common man,' as large crowds of ordinary citizens attended, reflecting his populist appeal.

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2

Spoils System

A practice initiated during Jackson's presidency, where political supporters were rewarded with government jobs, emphasizing loyalty over merit.

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3

John C. Calhoun

A prominent Southern politician and Jackson's vice president who advocated for states' rights and developed the theory of nullification.

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4

Nullification

The idea that states have the right to nullify, or invalidate, federal laws they consider unconstitutional. This theory was central to the nullification crisis of 1832-33.

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5

Webster-Hayne Debate

A series of Senate speeches in 1830 between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne, debating states' rights versus federal power. Webster's defense of federal authority became iconic.

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6

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Cherokee and other Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to territories west of the Mississippi River, resulting in widespread suffering and death.

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7

Franchise

The right to vote, which expanded in the 1820s as many states eliminated property qualifications, allowing more white men to vote.

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8

Democratization

The process of expanding voting rights, which was incomplete in the 1820s as women, Native Americans, and African Americans were excluded from the franchise.

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9

Jackson's leadership during the nullification crisis

Jackson displayed a mix of firmness and pragmatism, opposing nullification as a threat to the Union while securing the Force Bill and passing a compromise tariff.

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10

Jackson's policy toward Native Americans

Prioritized Indian removal, culminating in the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears, actions now regarded as deeply unjust and inhumane.

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11

Bank of the United States

Jackson viewed it as an elitist institution undermining democracy, destroying it by vetoing its recharter and redirecting federal funds to state banks.

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12

King Andrew the First

A term used by critics who saw Jackson as overstepping presidential authority, particularly with his vetoes and Indian removal policies.

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13

Jackson's stance on states' rights

Inconsistent; he opposed states' rights in the nullification crisis but championed federal overreach in Indian removal and demonstrated selective interpretation during the Bank War.

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14

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention in 1848, advocating for gender equality and the right to vote, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

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15

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent abolitionist and publisher of The Liberator, advocating for the immediate end of slavery.

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16

David Walker

An African American abolitionist who wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, urging enslaved people to fight for freedom.

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17

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved person turned leading abolitionist, known for his powerful oratory and writings, including The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

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18

Anti-Abolitionism

Opposition to the abolitionist movement, often fueled by economic interests and racial prejudice.

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19

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel that exposed the horrors of slavery, galvanizing the abolitionist movement.

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20

Forms of feminism in the mid-19th century

Focused on legal equality, particularly in marriage and property rights, and the right to vote, with the Seneca Falls Convention marking the beginning of organized women's suffrage advocacy.

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21

Rise of abolitionism

Grew as moral opposition to slavery increased, fueled by religious revivalism and literature like Uncle Tom's Cabin.

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22

Rise of anti-abolitionism

Arose in reaction to abolitionism, driven by fears of economic disruption and entrenched racism.

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