Psychology and Brain Functions

Flashcards covering key concepts from psychology and brain functions, including theories, brain structures, neurotransmitters, and developmental stages.

What theory suggests individuals may ignore biological needs to achieve a goal?

Humanistic theory.

Who coined the phrase 'identity crisis'?

Erik Erikson and John Erikson.

What is described as an internal thermostat that maintains balance in the body?

Homeostasis.

Which motivational theory focuses on reducing hunger?

Drive reduction theory.

What are fixed action patterns considered a part of?

Motivational theory.

What are the eight stages of Erikson's psychosocial development?

Trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, integrity.

What temperament type is enthusiastic and a compulsive talker?

Sanguine.

Which temperament type tends to be impatient and confident, often making quick decisions?

Choleric.

What temperament type is detail-oriented and spends time on planning and organizing?

Melancholy.

What does a phlegmatic temperament type tend to display?

Calmness, inoffensiveness, and good motivational abilities.

Damage to what part of the brain causes slow speech with simple sentences?

Frontal lobe.

Which area of the brain is associated with processing meaningful speech and understanding?

Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe.

What are the components of the forebrain?

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Control balance and coordination.

Which brain structure regulates hunger and thirst as well as temperature?

Hypothalamus.

What is the role of the hippocampus in the brain?

Assists in learning new information and storing long-term memory.

What triggers the emotional response to fear?

Amygdala.

What part of the brain is primarily responsible for consciousness and intellect?

Cerebrum.

Which neurotransmitter is linked to motor control and pleasure?

Dopamine.

What is the effect of too little acetylcholine in the brain?

Associated with Alzheimer's disease.

What is the physiological role of melatonin?

Regulates sleep.

Which system calms the body in times of stress?

Parasympathetic system.

What does neuroplasticity refer to?

Change in neural connections caused by learning or in response to injuries.

What part of the neuron is responsible for conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body?

Axon.

What is the purpose of the cornea in the eye?

It's a transparent layer that helps focus light entering the eye.

What is the name of the nerve that transmits visual information to the brain?

Optic nerve.

Which part of the eye contains the rods and cones responsible for light detection?

Retina.

What is the function of the pupil?

Changes how much light enters the eye.