Abdomen Anatomy and projections

The ___ cavity extends from diaphgram to bony pelvis

abdominopelvic

The rectum, sigmoid, urinary bladder and reproductive organs are found in the

abdominopelvic cavity

double walled membranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity is the

peritoneum

the inner layers of the peritoneum is also known as the 

visceral peritoneum

Outer layer of the peritoneum

parietal peritoneum

space between the two layers of the peritoneum

peritoneal cavity

spaca behind peritoneum

retroperitoneum

What organs are found in the retroperitoneum

kidneys and pancrea

muscle dividing thoracic and abdominal cavity is

diaphragm

The right and left psoas muscle are located ___ to spine

lateral

To minimize peristalsis motion on radiograph, you must use a

short exposure time

blurred bony cortices and gastric and intestinal gases are caused by

voluntary motion

sharp bony detail and blurry gastric and intestinal gases

involuntary motion

Blockage of bowel lumen

bowel obstruction

Failure of bowel peristalsis

ileus

presence of air in peritoneal cavity

pneumoperitoneum

Ascites in the build up of ____ in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs

fluid

Ascites commonly occurs due to what type of disorders

liver

What SID is used for abdomen

40 inches

A prime requisite in abdominal exams is to prevent

voluntary and involuntary movement

Blurring in abdominal radiography is caused by

voluntary motion

Abdomen 1V

Supine Abdomen KUB

Abdomen 2V

Upright and Supine (KUB) abdomen

Abdomen 3V or acute abdominal series

PA chest, Ap Upright abd, AP Supine abd (KUB)

If a patient cannot stand for an upright abdomen, a _____ is performed instead

left lateral decubitus

To include bladder, CR enters

at the iliac crest

To include diaphragm for air and fluid levels, CR enters

2 inches above iliac crest

Projection?

Supine Abdomen (KUB)

CR for an AP abdomen supine enters at the level of

the iliac crests

Breathing instructions for AP abdomen supine

suspend at end of expiration

is the pubic symphysis seen in an ap abdomen supine

Yes

Projection?

Upright abdomen

In an AP Abdomen upright, the CR enters at the level of

2 inches above iliac crests

On an AP Abdomen upright, air seems to be in a ____ manner

horizontal

Projection?

Left lateral decubitus

In an AP Abdomen, left lateral decubitus, the CR is

horizontal and perpendicular to 2 inches above iliac crest

The IR orientation in an abdomen left lateral decub is

CW to the patient

If the abdomen is too wide to include both flanks on one image, adjust patient and IR height to include ___ ___ when intraperitoneal fluid

side down

In decubitus for chest and abdomen, you would mark the

elevated side

To show small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in acute abdominal gases, the patient you stay in left lateral for 

10 to 20 minutes before exposing 

CR enters wHere for a lateral abdomen(non routine)

enters MCP at iliac crests

Projection?

Lateral abdomen

Can you see air fluid levels in an upright decubitus abdomen?

YES

Can you see air fluid levels in an AP supine (prone) and lateral recumbant

NO

Must have horizontal beam with ride side up to see

free air

In AP Upright(or PA), AP/PA left lateral decub, lateral dorsal decub, you can see

free air