20th Century Scientific and Technological Advancements

What is mass production?

Way of producing large amounts of standardized material goods.

What does the concept of standardized parts mean?

Process to ensure each object coming off factory line will have the same size, shape, and components.

How did Henry Ford revolutionize automobile manufacturing?

Introduced an assembly line that significantly reduced production time and costs.

What were 4 effects of mass production on society?

Higher wages for workers. Less working hours. Rise in overall quality of life. Substantial economic growth for the manufacturing industry and overall prosperity.

What significant changes to 20th-century life did mass production in the 1920s bring about?

Allowed for products to be made quickly and in large quantities.

What new model for the assembly line was introduced to enable mass production?

Required workers to stay in one spot and focus on creating specialized small parts.

What was the Cold War?

A period of rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union as world powers from about 1945-1991.

How did the Cold War influence the two nations directly?

Nuclear arms race. Race to launch a human into space. Political proxy wars like the Vietnam War.

What was significant about the Wright Brothers' First Powered Flight in 1903?

First powered, controlled, and sustained flight.

Who completed the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in his airplane flying from New York to Paris?

Charles Lindbergh (1927).

How were jet engines developed?

During World War II and afterward, many advancements were made leading to the development of military and commercial jet aircraft.

Why was penicillin a significant discovery in 1928?

Revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections.

Why were Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin important?

In the 1950s, they developed effective polio vaccines, leading to the near-eradication of polio in many parts of the world.

How important were advances in chemotherapy during the 1940s-1960s?

Researchers such as Sidney Farber advanced the use of chemotherapy for cancer treatment, significantly improving survival rates for certain cancers.

What was a cause of the U.S. creating a space program?

The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957.

Who was the first American in space?

Alan Shepard.

What was significant about Apollo 11?

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969.

What program in the 1940s led to the development of the atomic bomb

significantly impacting the outcome of World War II and leading to advancements in nuclear energy?, The Manhattan Project.

When did the internet get developed?

The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

Why was the Human Genome Project important?

It was a collaborative international scientific research project that mapped 92% of the human genome.

Who is credited with inventing the internal combustion engine?

Nikolaus Otto.

What was the significance of the internal combustion engine?

It provided a reliable and efficient means of converting fuel into mechanical work, paving the way for the widespread use of engines in transportation and industry.

Which U.S. President signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

initiating the creation of the Interstate Highway System?, President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

What were 2 of the main reasons for the development of the Interstate Highway System?

To create a national network of highways that would improve national defense by enabling the rapid movement of military troops and equipment. Aimed to facilitate economic growth and improve the safety and efficiency of road transportation.

What was the Highway Trust Fund?

Fund financed through a federal fuel tax on gasoline and diesel, as well as taxes on other motor vehicle-related products such as tires and heavy trucks.