ASLP CH.13

These flashcards cover the key concepts, definitions, and conditions related to brain damage and language disorders discussed in the lecture.

What are the four main causes of brain damage?

Stroke, head injury (TBI), tumors neoplasms, progressive deterioration (dementia).

What is an aneurysm?

A bulging or ballooning in a weak blood vessel wall.

Define hematoma.

A collection of blood outside a vessel that presses on brain tissue.

What is a contusion?

A bruise to brain tissue from a blow to the head.

What is aphasia?

Loss of the language system; affects reading, writing, speaking, listening; must have anomia (naming problems).

What characterizes Broca's aphasia?

Lesion to Broca's area; nonfluent, awkward speech; short, slow phrases; telegraphic speech; good comprehension.

Brocas aphasia ex

Example: Can understand questions but struggles to answer with full sentences

What is Wernicke's aphasia?

Damage to Wernicke's area; fluent speech but poor comprehension, poor repetition, verbal paraphasias.

Wernicke’s aphasia Example

Verbal paraphasias (example): “Table” for “desk,” “fork” for “spoon”

Give an example of verbal paraphasias.

Using 'table' for 'desk' or 'fork' for 'spoon'.

What are neologisms?

Made-up nonwords that appear in "jargon aphasia" where speech sounds fluent but is meaningless.

What is global aphasia?

Large left-hemisphere damage; all language severely impaired — nonfluent, poor comprehension, poor repetition.

What is spontaneous recovery?

Natural healing and improvement of language/cognition after brain injury.

What are the components of intervention for aphasia?

Communication strategies, neural plasticity focus, cues/prompts, compensatory strategies, family support groups.

Define Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Damage to brain from trauma covering a large region of brain or focal lesion that causes problems with attention, memory, language, behavior, and movement.

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Used right after injury to rate cognitive status and responsiveness.

What does the Ranchos Los Amigos Scale do?

Used to track progress over time for TBI recovery.

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Progressive deterioration characterized by memory loss, confusion, disorientation, personality change, language problems.

What is the SLP's role with Alzheimer's patients?

Maintain communication skills, teach family strategies, run support groups, focus on functional communication.

Q: Difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s

: Dementia is overall memory and thinking decline; Alzheimer’s is the main disease that causes it.