Ch. 6.1, 7.1, 7.3 Abnormal Psych

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

preoccupation with a perceived or slight physical defect causing distress or impairment

caudate nuclei

deep brain structures involved in processing memories and signaling when something feels “wrong”

cognitive restructuring

technique aiming to change irrational or unrealistic thoughts that lead to anxiety and compulsive behaviors

compulsion

repetitive acts or mental rituals performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions

excoriation disorder

repetitive skin picking resulting in lesions and significant distress

exposure therapy

gradual or repeated confrontation with feared stimuli to reduce anxiety and compulsive urges

hoarding disorder

difficulty discarding possessions leading to clutter and distress

modeling therapy

treatment where clients observe others calmly facing feared situations or stimuli

muscle dysmorphia

subtype of BDD involving belief that one’s body is too small or insufficiently muscular

obsession

intrusive, unwanted thought, image, or urge that causes anxiety or distress

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

condition involving recurrent obsessions or compulsions that cause distress or interfere with daily functioning

orbitofrontal cortex

brain region associated with decision-making and overactivation in OCD

response prevention

therapy technique preventing individuals from performing their compulsive behavior

serotonin

neurotransmitter linked to mood and implicated in OCD and related disorders

systematic desensitization

treatment pairing relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli

trichotillomania

recurrent and compulsive hair pulling resulting in noticeable hair loss and distress

conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

condition involving sensory or motor impairment resembling a neurological disorder but without a medical cause

factitious disorder

condition where a person deliberately induces or fakes symptoms of illness for no external reward

factitious disorder imposed on another (previously known as munchausen syndrome by proxy)

pattern of creating or falsifying physical or psychological symptoms in another person

factitious disorder imposed on self

intentionally producing or exaggerating symptoms without obvious external incentive

iatrogenic disorder

condition unintentionally caused by a therapist’s actions or treatment methods

illness anxiety disorder

persistent fear or belief of having a serious illness despite mild or absent physical symptoms

malingering

faking or exaggerating illness for an external goal such as money, avoidance, or attention

psychogenic

originating from psychological causes rather than physical ones

somatic symptoms

physical or bodily symptoms that may have psychological origins

somatic symptom and related disorders

group of disorders involving distressing physical symptoms or excessive health-related anxiety

somatic symptom disorder

condition marked by distressing thoughts or behaviors focused on physical symptoms that interfere with daily life

somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain

subtype involving excessive anxiety and concern about severe or chronic pain

ptsd

a condition characterized by flashbacks,

hypervigilance, avoidance, and other

symptoms that last for more than 1 month

and that occur as a result of exposure to

extreme trauma

acute stress disorder

a condition characterized by flashbacks,

hypervigilance, and avoidance symptoms

that last up to 1 month after exposure to a

traumatic stressor

adjustment disorder

a condition involving reactions to life

stressors that are disproportionate to

the severity or intensity of the event or

situation