apah quiz #1 flashcards

water water everywhere & innocent sultry fruitful frosty

hellenistic period

(323 BC - 31 BC) greek phase of art; ushered in following the death of alexander the great, who spread greek culture across eurasia

hellenism

greek phase of art that depicted the everyday, with emphasis on drama in both subject and poses; makes use of props, setting, and the unseen; really likes drapery

winged victory of samothrace (markers)

hellenistic; 190 bce; marble

winged victory of samothrace

marble statue depicting nike (goddess of war) standing on a ship, celebrated the victory of samothrace in 191 bce; notable in drapery, which is blown back by wind and water, which reveals the contours of nike’s body, highlighting drama, motion, and the human form

micronesia

small islands from the pacific island region; had a highly stratified society and non-abundant resources, so their artworks valued both beauty and functionality; had some great architecture

nan madol (marker)

pohnpei, 13th-17th century CE, micronesia, basalt

nan madol

92 artificial islands within a network of canals, covering 170 acres; allowed seawater to flow in and out but avoid flood, where the king (on island called pah) and high ranking nobles lived (remember: stratified society) and also where duties & royal mortuary stuff was done; made up of megaliths & criss cross log shaped stones; built on coral @ pohnpei, which was relatively abundant in resources, supporting the building

megalith

big stone

stretcher courses

stones parallel to pathway

header courses

stones perpendicular to pathway

romanticism

(1780s-1850s) emphasis on emotion, dreams, mystery, and the idea of nature/the world/the unknown being so much more powerful than mankind; generally takes on a hazier art style, reflecting idea of dreams/the unknown

joseph mallord william turner

very notable romanticism artist, very representative of the art style; hazy brush strokes, emphasis on the power of nature (loved the overwhelming sunlight) & often put himself at the mercy of nature just to experience it for his art; used light and color to create depth rather than traditional linear perspective

slave ship (slavers throwing overboard the dead and dying — typhoon coming on) (marker)

romanticism, joseph mallord william turner, 1840

slave ship

commentary on slavery (purchased by an abolitionist) when britian and france had abolished slavery but america had not, shows a sinking ship, very pretty sunset, cast-overboard slaves as hands reaching out of the tumultuous waves, fish feed on the slaves as they drown; grim nature of the painting reflects emphasis on emotions and power of nature & a reminder on what it is like to be alive

frank gehry

1929-2025 lived in santa monica and was known for distinct architectural designs, known for working with industrial materials. was heavily inflienced by postmodernism, which highly valued “depthless” art (ugh..), meaning no starting point, no central viewing position, no ordered values

guggenheim bilbao (marker)

frank gehry, 1997, titanium, limestone, steel, glass, bilbao spain

guggenheim bilbao

built in basque region (northern spain - southwestern france) that has a distinct language and a big fishing/ship building culture; the museum was commissioned to increase tourism/engagement; curved titanium forms that were designed by basically ai, meant to resemble a ship using organic (not super structural) shapes, titanium surface was changed to give shine and sense of movement and life

the crossing (marker)

bill viiola, 1996, two channel video installation

the crossing

used digital medium as a metaphor for artist’s consciousness, two videos of a man either getting consumed by fire (from below) or a spray of water (from above) which gets so strong until the man disappears, inspired by the nature of religion & the idea of mortality

neolithic era

(~10,000 bce) as opposed to the paleolithic era - when climate began to warm and gave rise to agriculture (rather than being a hunter gatherers)

lintel & post

the thing that looks like pi

cromlechs

a group of lintels & posts in a circle

stonehenge (marker)

2500-1600 bce, sandstone, modern day england

stonehenge

cromlechs on man made elevation on the plains; was very hard to create (required transporting big rocks across the plains) so it is assumed to have a ritual function relating to (the passing of) time and the position of the sun at summer & winter solstice; rolled on sleds with animal fat; had 4 phases (digging the circular ditch for elevation, outside stone lined circle, outer cromlech, inner posts & lintels); surfaces of the rocks were hollowed out/scored so that they would stick on each other

templo mayor - main temple (marker)

aztec; 1375-1520; stone; teenochtitlan (now mexico city)

templo mayor

temple where aztecs made human sacrifices for sun god (huitzilopochtli); stacked pyramid with steep staircase; direction is made so that the sun rises over specific area depending on season; north facing temple is for god of rain (tlaloc), relief stone at bottom of stair case had dismembered body of moon goddess (coyolxauhqui) which was where sacrificed bodies would be thrown to symbolize defeat of the moon everyday; above the disk is earth goddess (coatlicue) w/ a bunch of serpents. includes other statues of flag bearers, frogs, and old god of agriculture (chacmool)

relief

sculpture in a flat surface (wall/slab); sunken, high , bas/low

sandro botticelli

famous early renaissance painter from florence (the birthplace of renaissance art); highlighted virgin mary, melancholic, & long body proportion. representative of the humanistic art style flourished in florence at the time;

birth of venus (marker)

sandro botticelli, 1484-1486, tempera on canvas

birth of venus

depicts venus standing on seashell as she is birthed from the sea, being clothed by the hora of spring and being blown to land by the east wind god zephyr; combines dual nature of love (sensuous and the chaste); modeled after many infliences including the greek aphrodite of knidos and biblical references

rachel ruysch

dutch artist; her dad was a famous doctor as well as really into botany, which meant that she highlighted her presicion and accuracy in depicting life forms and plants

fruit and insects (marker)

rachel ruysch; 1711; oil on canvas

fruit and insects

still life of basket of fruits & harvest but surrounded by bugs & other animals; reflects dutch goal of being both rich and righteous due to protestant religion, so shows duality in both abundance (fruit, esp with the grapes and wheat) and decay (with the insects investing that abundance).

summer trees (marker)

song sunam; 1979, ink on paper

summer trees

black/grey vertical streaks depicting a forest of trees; wanted to highlight korean identity as separate from japanese artwork; based on dreams and abstract expression; ink wash to create that osmosis effect