Computer Science & Principles Unit 1 Review - Mr. Daniel

Decimal number

a base 10 number with ten possible different digits

Binary number

a base 2 number with two possible different digits

Bit

- A contraction of "Binary Digit"

- The single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

Byte

8 bits

Palette

- Box on the left side of the screen in Snap!

- Contains the different categories of blocks

Scripting Area

The middle box where you drag the blocks into

Tool Bar

- The top box with the green flag, pause button, and stop button

- Also includes things like full screen button, login/sign up button, save button, etc.

Stage

- The box on the right-hand side at the top where the sprite is shown

- Any blocks that are dragged into the scripting area will be done in the stage

Sprite Corral

- The box on the right side at the bottom

- You can add more sprites in this box

Roundoff error

occurs when an exact value cannot be made with available place values

Overflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large

Round-off Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. the value is rounded

Underflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too small

Debugging

The process of identifying and removing errors from computer hardware or software

Origin of debugging

Grace Hopper coined the term

Story of the name debugging

The story goes that Hopper and her team were working with Harvard University's Mark II computer when a colleague discovered a moth stuck in one of the computer's electrical relays, causing it to malfunction.

Analog Data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of this include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

Digital Data

Data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values

Sampling

A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples

Lossless Compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.

Lossy Compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.

Compress

to decrease the number of bits used to represent a piece of information

Algorithm

a precise sequence of instructions designed to complete a task

Heuristic

a specific type of algorithm, usually used when exact solutions are difficult or impossible. They are generally simple to use and are designed to provide reasonably good results without guaranteeing a perfect solution.

Creative Commons public copyright license

- Enables the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work

- This is used when the content creator wants to give others to right to share, use, and build upon the work they have created