Lessons 3 and 4 Science Notes

Lessons 3 & 4 Science Notes

What is the reactivity of elements based on?

Reactivity is based on the interactions of valence electrons.

What are the properties of metals?

Malleable, ductile, good conductors, lustrous, low specific heat, high density, and solid at room temperature.

What is the maximum number of electrons the first energy level can hold?

The first energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

What happens when a neutral atom loses a valence electron?

It loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion.

What type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal?

Ionic bonds usually form when a metal combines with a non-metal.

What is a polar molecule?

A molecule that has a positively charged end and a negatively charged end.

What defines valence electrons?

Valence electrons are the electrons that have the highest energy in an atom.

How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

In polar covalent bonds, electrons are shared unequally, whereas in nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally.

What are the characteristics of nonmetals?

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and solid nonmetals tend to be dull and brittle.

What forms the repeating patterns in ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds form solids by building up repeating patterns of ions called crystals.

What properties differentiate molecular compounds based on polarity?

Molecular compounds differ in properties based on whether they are polar or nonpolar due to differences in molecular attraction.

What type of bonding involves the attraction between ions of opposite charge?

Ionic bonding involves the attraction between ions of opposite charge.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong attraction between positive and negative ions.

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed between nonmetal atoms through the sharing of electrons.