Anatomy introductory vocab test

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Glucose

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Organ system

The structure that separates chromosomes during cell division.

Spindle

Cell structures that help organize the spindle fibers during cell division.

Centrioles

The process of separating solids from liquids or gases using a filter.

Filtration

The basic structural and functional unit of life.

Cell

A measure of the total concentration of solute particles in a solution.

Osmolarity

A carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which can be saturated or unsaturated.

Fatty Acid

To make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent.

Dilute

The time required for half of the quantity of a substance to decay or be eliminated.

Half-life

The stage of meiosis where chromosomes align at the equatorial plane in haploid cells.

Metaphase II

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Polypeptide

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

DNA

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

Enzyme

Chromosomes that are similar in shape and size but may carry different alleles.

Homologs

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploids

Meiosis

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Transcription

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Crossing-over

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Active Transport

A state where an atom has no net electric charge.

Neutral

The first stage of meiosis where chromosomes condense and homologous chromosomes pair up.

Prophase I

A biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Carbohydrate

Biomolecules essential for all known forms of life, including DNA and RNA.

Nucleic Acid

Organelles within cells that contain DNA and genetic information.

Nuclei

A colorless gas produced by respiration and combustion.

Carbon Dioxide

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

Passive Transport

Long, whip-like structures that aid in cell movement.

Flagella

A buffer that helps maintain pH balance in the body.

Bicarbonate

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Sister Chromatids

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.

Hydrostatic Pressure

Structures formed during meiosis consisting of four chromatids.

Tetrads