World War 2 Test

Appeasement

• A policy in the 1930s where Britain and France gave into Hitlers demands, hoping to avoid another war

• When Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles, they didn’t stop him, instead they allowed him to take territory, such as Austria

• Was a mistake because it encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive, each time he faced no consequences, he became more confident

• Allowed Germany to grow stronger when Britain and France fell behind

Prime Minister

Mackenzie King

Dieppe

• 1942 attack where mostly Canadian troops landed on beaches to fight Germans

• Its secret purpose was to steal German Enigma code materials

• Mission failed, but soldiers bravery and sacrifice were significant, even though their goal of capturing codes wasn’t achieved

• Dieppe had a purpose: to steal the enigma and decode the German plans which would have helped them win the war but it ALSO failed

•  Most people didn’t know the main attack was a cover for the pinch raid which was the plan from the beginning

Rationing

-people spent a lot of money on taxes and victory bonds

-cars were not produced after 1942 because factories were converted to build war supplies such as bombers and tanks. 

-Families grew victory gardens to grow their own fresh fruit and vegetables recycled metals, rags, papers, rubber, and glass

-even bacon fat and bones were collected for explosives.

Hong Kong

• First time Canadians saw combat in World War 2

• Poorly equipped and outnumbered, they fought against the Japanese invasion in December 1941

• John Osborn earned Canada’s first Victoria Cross by sacrificing himself to block a grenade and save the others

• Battle ended in defeat, 290 Canadians were killed,  many being abused and executed, and 264 more dying in Japanese prison camps

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Germany’s economic depression made more people support the Nazis.

• In 1933, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor.

• The Reichstag Fire let Hitler blame the Communists and have them banned.

• The Enabling Act gave Hitler the power to make laws alone and ban all other parties.

• During the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler killed S.A. leaders to gain support from the army.

• When President Hindenburg died, Hitler combined Chancellor and President and became “Der Führer.”

Blitzkrieg

• Blitzkrieg means “lightning war.”

• Germany attacked countries very fast using planes, tanks, and soldiers together.

• Poland fell in about 2 weeks, Denmark in 1 day, Norway in 2 days, the Netherlands in 5 days, and Belgium in 18 days.

• France was defeated in six weeks.

• This fast style of attack helped Germany take over most of Europe quickly.

Tommy Prince/John Osborn

• One of Canada’s most decorated Indigenous soldiers in WW2 and the Korean war

• Famous for his bravery, scouting skills, and dangerous missions behind enemy lines, earning multiple medals for courage and leadership

• First Canadians to see combat in the second world war

• John Osborn won the first victoria cross - he covered his body over the grenade to protect other soldiers

• Canadians were trained greatly and they didn’t have the necessary equipment

• 290 Canadians died

• Japanese soldiers raped and killed nurses

• Sent to prisoner camps, 264 died

Dunkirk

• In 1940, Allied soldiers were trapped on the beaches of Dunkirk as Germany advanced.

• Britain didn’t have enough navy ships, so ordinary citizens used fishing boats, sailboats, and small vessels to help rescue the troops.

• About 350,000 soldiers were saved—far more than expected—so it became known as the “Miracle of Dunkirk.”

• Saving these soldiers was important because without them, Britain’s army would have been too weak to continue fighting in WWII.