- Electromagnetic Wave Review-

What is the equation to calculate the velocity of the wave?

v = f * λ, where 'v' is the wave velocity, 'f' is the frequency, and 'λ' (lambda) is the wavelength.

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?

as frequency increases, wavelength decreases, and vice versa, assuming the wave speed remains constant

Compare Microwaves to X-Rays with their frequency and wavelengths?

Microwaves have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies compared to X-rays,

with microwaves ranging from 1 meter to 1 millimeter (10^-3 to 1 m) and 300 MHz to 300 GHz, while X-rays range from 0.01 to 10 nanometers (10^-11 to 10^-8 m) and 3x10^16 to 3x10^19 Hz

With all EM waves having different frequency and wavelengths, how is it that they all travel the speed of light in the vacuum of space??

because the speed of light is a fundamental constant of the universe,

What is the difference between light waves (electromagnetic waves) and sound waves (mechanical waves) as they travel through different Media?

Light (electromagnetic) waves, unlike sound (mechanical) waves, don't require a medium to travel and can travel through a vacuum, while sound waves need a medium like air, water, or solids to propagate.

Do EM waves have to have a media to travel?

No, electromagnetic (EM) waves do not require a medium to travel; they can propagate through a vacuum like space.

Explain how an analog signal works:

Represent information as a continuous, smoothly varying quantity, like the position of a dimmer switch or the sound waves from a microphone, rather than discrete values like 0s and 1s.

Explain how a digital signal works: a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values

A digital signal can only take on one value from a finite set of possible values at a given time

Explain how your phone sends a text message:

(Make sure to include these words: battery, antenna, binary code, 0’s and 1’s, electromagnetic wave, cell tower, optical fiber cables.

by converting the message into binary code, transmitting it via radio waves to a cell tower, which then routes it through a network to the recipient's phone which makes the digital

Give examples of how light behaves like a wave:

When a light wave encounters an object, they are either transmitted, reflected, absorbed, refracted, polarized, diffracted, or scattered

Give examples of how light behaves like a particle:

the photoelectric effect and the emission of discrete photons, where light interacts with matter as individual packets of energy, not as continuous waves.

Explain the double slit experiment and how the interference (constructive/destructive) patterns:

Wherever the troughs and crests of the waves were in phase, bright lines were observed as a result of constructive interference. Wherever the peaks and valleys were not in phase, dark lines were observed on the screen as a result of destructive interference.

Explain the Photoelectric effect and the light particles (photons) that are involved:

light is made up of discrete packets of energy called photons

What is the difference between Non Ionizing and ionizing radiation?

ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, creating ions, while non-ionizing radiation does not.

Explain how transmission of digital signals could be disrupted from time to time:

Digital signal transmission can be disrupted by various factors like noise, interference, signal attenuation, and errors, which can lead to data corruption or loss of connectivity.

Explain how these devices could use memory cards to store digital information:

Because we put in data tons of small little data get filled up in the memory card