ELCS Exam 1 - Head and Neck Anatomy

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

What is this muscle?

Searching sternocleidomastoid

Bimanual palpation

- Feeling for lumps or bumps

What do you do when searching here?

submandibular triangle -a region in the neck, specifically a subdivision of the anterior triangle, located beneath the mandible

What is this?

Termporalis Muscle

What is this?

masseter muscle

What is this?

Palpate the muscles

Ask about soreness or tenderness

When examining the temporalis and masseter, what are you doing?

hypertrophy

What's with the masseter?

Asymmetry

What's with the masseter?

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

What is this?

•Condyle can be palpated anterior to the tragus

•Have patient open and close

•May feel abnormal movement or hear popping/clicking/grinding

When looking at TMJ, what are you doing?

Ramus of mandible - the vertical, quadrilateral-shaped portion of the lower jaw (mandible) that extends upward from the posterior end of the body of the mandible

What is #2?

Angle of Mandible

What is #3?

Body of mandible

What is 4?

Head (condyle) of mandible

What is 10?

Lymph nodes: palpate; don't to identify what they are but notice if they feel abnormal

What is this? and what do you need to do?

Philtrum

What is this?

Vermilion Border - the distinct line where the pinkish-red vermilion of the lips meets the surrounding facial skin

What is this?

commissures

What is this?

Wet line - the anatomical boundary where the pinkish, moist vermilion of the lip transitions into the more mucous membrane of the oral cavity

What is this?

Carotid artery

What is this?

Zygomatic bone - the cheekbone, is a paired bone located on the lateral (outer) side of the face

What is this?

oral vestibule - the space in the mouth located between the lips and cheeks externally, and the teeth and gums internally

What is 10?

Frenulum of upper lip/Frenulum of lower lip

What is #1/5?

Soft palate - the muscular, flexible area at the back of the roof of your mouth

What is 2?

Uvula

What is 3?

Palatine tonsil

What is 4?

Oropharyngeal isthums

What is 7?

Palatopharyngeal fold/arch/pillar

What is 8?

Palatoglossal fold/arch/pillar

What is 9?

Palatine Raphe (median raphe, median palatine raphe) - The palatine raphe is a visible, raised line of tissue on the hard palate

What is this?

Median (midpalatal, intermaxillary, palatine suture) - midpalatal suture is the underlying bony structure where the two halves of the hard palate fuse

What is this?

Median (intermaxillary) palatine suture

What is 2?

Maxillary tuberosity - a rounded bony prominence located on the maxilla (upper jawbone), specifically behind the last molar

What is #4?

Incisive Fossa - a shallow depression on the underside of the bony hard palate, located behind the incisor teeth

What is #14?

Rugae (palatal rugae) - raised, asymmetric ridges of tissue on the anterior (front) portion of the hard palate, the roof of the mouth

What is #1?

Palatoglossus - a muscle located in the mouth that plays a role in swallowing and speech

What is #3?

Palatopharyngeus - a muscle involved in swallowing and speech

What is 4

Buccinator - a flat, thin muscle in the wall of the cheek

What is 5?

Pterygomandibular raphe/fold - a thin, fibrous band of connective tissue located in the oral cavity -

What is 6

fovea palatini - Two small pits in the anterior part of the soft palate. There is one on each side of the midline

What is this?

Buccal fat pad

What is this?

serves as an important landmark for an inferior alveolar nerve block.

What is the pterygomandibular fold important for?

The pterygomandibular raphe is a fibrous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia. The pterygomandibular fold is the visible intraoral ridge produced by the underlying pterygomandibular raphe.

Difference between pterygomandibular raphe vs. fold

- deep to masseter and runs perpendicular

- can be palpated intraorally

characteristics of buccinator

Retromolar pad - Soft tissue landmark at the most posterior part of the mandible

What is purple highlighted?

mylohyoid muscle - Along with geniohyoid, makes up the floor of the mouth

What is this?

During extraction, maxillary tuberosity cracked (risk)

what happened here?

thin, non-keratinized

Everywhere except around the teeth

describe mucosa and where it is located

mucogingival junction - where mucosa meets gingiva

What is this?

gingival margin - the terminal edge of the gingiva that is around the teeth

What is C?

interdental papilla - the gingiva that scallops up between the teeth

What is this?

gingival sulcus - the gingiva that scallops up between the teeth

What is this?

recession of gingiva - loss of soft tissue (and likely hard tissue underneath.

What's going on here?

parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland

What are the major salivary glands?

parotid gland

What is this?

Submandibular gland - a type of salivary gland

What is this?

Sublingual gland - a type of salivary gland

What is this?

parotid papilla - a small, fleshy elevation of tissue on the inner cheek lining that marks the opening of the parotid duct

What is this?

Parotitis - bacterial or viral (aka Mumps)

What is going on here?

palatopharyngeal arch

What is 1?

Epiglottis - a flap of cartilage located at the top of the windpipe (trachea)

What is 2?

Lingual tonsil - pair of oval-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue located at the base of the tongue, near the epiglottis

3?

Circumvallate papillae - dome-shaped structures on the back of the tongue, arranged in a V-shape, that contain taste buds and are particularly sensitive to bitter tastes

4?

Palatoglossal arch

6?

Palatine tonsil - two oval-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue located on either side of the throat, at the back of the mouth

7?

Wharton's duct

What is this?

Wharton's duct, which empties into sublingual carnuncle

Sublingual gland empties into...

Submandibular duct

submandibular gland empties into...

Parotid duct (Stensen's duct), which empties into parotid papilla

Parotid gland empties into

Circumvallate papillae, Foliate papillae, Fungiform Papillae, Filiform, Papillae

Name the papillae of the tongue

Foliate Papillae - small, leaf-like ridges located on the sides of the tongue, near the back

What is A?

Circumvallate papillae - dome-shaped structures on the back of the tongue, arranged in a V-shape, that contain taste buds and are particularly sensitive to bitter tastes

What is A?

Fungiform Papillae - small, mushroom-shaped bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds

What is C?

Filiform papillae - the most numerous type of papillae on the human tongue, characterized by their thread-like (filiform) shape

What is A?

Foliate papillae

What type of papilla is this?

Plica fimbriata - small, fringe-like folds of mucous membrane located on the underside of the tongue, near the frenulum

What is this

Linea alba - cheek biting

What is pointed out here?

It is a normal finding

is linea alba a normal finding?

Lower tori/exostoses - benign, bony growths that can occur in the mouth, specifically on the jawbones (normal findings)

What is pointed out here?

Buccal exostoses - Bony protuberances on the buccal of the mandible and/or maxilla (normal/benign)

What is pointed out here?

Incisive papilla - a small, oval-shaped tissue prominence located on the roof of the mouth, behind the front teeth (incisors)

What is this?

Attached Gingiva

What is this highlighted area?

Gingival margin - the border or edge of the gums that surrounds the teeth

What is 1?

inferior border of mandible - the lower edge or boundary of the lower jawbone (mandible)

What is this?

submental triangle - a specific area in the anterior (front) part of the neck, located just below the chin

What is this?

Tragus of the ear - a small, fleshy flap of cartilage located on the outer ear, just in front of the ear canal

What is this?

Ala of nose -

What is this?

Nasolabial crease (groove/sulcus) - the crease that runs from the sides of the nose down to the corners of the mouth

What is this

mental protuberance - Part of the mandible that forms the chin

What is this?

Thyroid fullness - the sensation of a lump or swelling in the neck, specifically around the thyroid gland area, or a feeling of tightness or pressure in that region

What is pictured here?

buccal mucosa - Mucous membrane lining the cheek.

What is 2? (not linea alba)

Lingual Varicosities - dilated, twisted veins on the underside (ventral) of the tongue and side of tongue (lateral)

What is pictured here?