Philippine Literature Periods (1910-1960)

Flashcards covering the major periods of Philippine literature (American and Japanese) and notable Filipino literary giants.

American Colonial Period

A literary period from 1910 to 1945 that introduced English as a literary language and saw Filipino writers begin imitating the style and themes of Western authors.

Period of Apprenticeship

A phase from 1910 to 1930 where Filipino writers were learning to write in English, focusing on mastering the language by closely following English and American models.

Dead Stars

Published in 1925 by Paz Marquez Benitez, it is considered the first modern Philippine short story in English, telling the story of Alfredo Salazar's struggle between duty and desire.

The Small Key

A notable short story by Paz Latorena that explores human relationships, trust, and memory, demonstrating the growing maturity of Filipino writers during the American period.

Footnote to Youth

A 1933 classic short story by Jose Garcia Villa about a young man named Dodong who realizes the weight of early marriage and family responsibility.

Child of Sorrow

Recognized as the first Filipino novel written in English, authored by Zoilo Galang, which depicts Filipino life and themes of love and human struggle.

Period of Emergence

A period from 1920 to 1930 characterized by the growth of Filipino writers in English who were influenced by Romanticism and Realism while expressing Filipino identity.

Lyric 17

A famous poem by Jose Garcia Villa that describes the essential qualities of a poem, including attributes like being 'musical as a sea-gull' and 'slender as a bell'.

Japanese Occupation Period

A period from 1942 to 1945 where literature reflected patriotism and resistance, and writers were encouraged to use Tagalog instead of English due to censorship.

War Years (1942-1944)

Considered the 'Golden Period' of short stories and Tagalog drama, where literature became more direct, emotional, and accessible to the public.

25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino

A 1943 compilation of the 25 best short stories in Filipino, based on a contest supported by the military government during the Japanese Occupation.

Suyuan sa Tubigan

A notable Tagalog short story by Macario Pineda written during the Japanese occupation, depicting simple rural love and the lives of Filipino farmers.

Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa

A well-known Tagalog short story by Liwayway Arceo that uses simple, direct language to symbolize emotional longing and the desire for love.

Period of Maturity and Originality

Spanning from 1945 to 1960, this period saw Filipino writers develop their craft using native languages and realistic portrayals of daily life and nationalism.

Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature

Established in 1950, it is the most prestigious and longest-running literary award in the Philippines, often called the Philippine equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize.

Comma Poet

A nickname for Jose Garcia Villa, a National Artist for Literature known for his innovative use of punctuation and modern poetry.

Nick Joaquin

A National Artist for Literature whose works, such as 'The Woman Who Had Two Navels' and 'Tropical Gothic,' explore Filipino history and identity through myth and storytelling.

Bienvenido Santos

A Filipino-American writer known for works like 'Scent of Apples' and 'You Lovely People,' which focus on the nostalgia and struggles of Filipino immigrants in America.

Gregorio Brillantes

A writer recognized for his reflective short stories about faith and youth, including 'The Distance to Andromeda' and 'The Cardinal's Sins and Other Stories'.

Gilda Cordero-Fernando

A cultural icon and writer known for witty essays and stories like 'The Butcher, The Baker, The Candlestick Maker' that reflect Filipino traditions and everyday life.

N.V.M. Gonzalez

Néstor Vicente Madali Gonzalez, a National Artist known for centering rural experiences in works like 'The Bamboo Dancers' and 'Children of the Ash-Covered Loam'.

National Artist Award

The highest cultural honor in the Philippines, given to artists who have made outstanding contributions to the development of Philippine arts and culture.