Autumn leaves (cam 10 test 3 passage 2)

Salvage (v)

to save something from being damaged or destroyed

= rescue, recover

Ex: Governments should take immediate action to salvage damaged historical buildings

Deficiency (n)

a lack of something that is necessary or important

= shortage, lack

Ex: A deficiency of essential nutrients can negatively affect children's development

Acute (adj)

very serious, severe, or strongly felt

= severe, serious

Ex: Many cities are facing an acute shortage of affordable housing

Intact (adj)

complete and undamaged

= unharmed, undamaged

Ex: It is important to preserve historical sites so that they remain intact for future generations

Disposal (n)

the act of getting rid of something that is no longer needed

= removal, elimination

Ex: Proper waste disposal is essential for maintaining a clean environment

Overexposure (n)

too much contact with something, especially something harmful

= excessive exposure, overcontact

Ex: Overexposure to social media can have negative effects on teenagers' mental health

Susceptible (adj)

easily affected or harmed by something

= vulnerable, sensitive

Ex: Young children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of excessive screen time

Subtle (adj)

not obvious or easy to notice or understand

= slight, understated

Ex: Advertising can have a subtle influence on consumers' purchasing decisions

Minted (adj)

newly created or produced

= newly produced, newly created

Ex: The government has recently introduced newly minted coins into circulation

Make sense (of/for) (idm)

to be reasonable, logical, or easy to understand

= be logical, be reasonable

Ex: It makes sense for governments to invest in public transport to reduce traffic congestion

Scramble (v)

moving or acting quickly because there is little time

= rushing, hurrying

Ex: Many students are scrambling to find suitable accommodation before the new academic year begins

Fungus (n)

a simple organism that grows on plants, food, or other surfaces

= mould, mushroom

Ex: High humidity can encourage the growth of fungus in poorly ventilated buildings

Robust (adj)

strong and able to deal successfully with difficult conditions

= strong, resilient

Ex: A robust healthcare system is essential for dealing with future public health challenges

Infestation (n)

a large number of unwanted insects or animals living in a place and causing problems

= invasion, plague

Ex: Poor waste management can lead to rat infestations in urban areas

Pack up

(phrv)

preparing to leave a place by putting your belongings together

= gathering, putting away

Ex: I usually spend the evening packing up before leaving for a long trip

Paradoxical (adj)

seeming to be contradictory but possibly containing some truth

= contradictory, ironic

Ex: It is paradoxical that social media can connect people while also making them feel lonely

Plausible (adj)

seeming reasonable and likely to be true

= believable, credible

Ex: One plausible explanation for the decline in tourism is the rising cost of travel

Molecule (n)

the smallest unit of a chemical substance that can exist independently

= particle, unit

Ex: A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Hemisphere (n)

one of the two halves of the Earth divided by the equator

= half, half of the globe

Ex: The seasons are reversed between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Redundant (adj)

no longer necessary or useful because something else has replaced it

= unnecessary, superfluous

Ex: The widespread use of smartphones has made some traditional technologies redundant

Discard (v)

to get rid of something because it is no longer useful or wanted

= throw away, dispose of

Ex: People should avoid discarding plastic waste into rivers and oceans

Dismantle (v)

to take something apart into separate pieces

= disassemble, take apart

Ex: The government plans to dismantle several old buildings and replace them with public facilities

Twig (n)

a small, thin stem growing from a branch of a tree

= branchlet, shoot

Ex: I used a small twig to draw a simple pattern in the sand

Flaw (n)

a mistake or fault in something that makes it imperfect.

= defect, imperfection

Ex: Every product has some degree of flaw, which can affect its performance.

mount

(v)

to increase or become greater in amount, level, or intensity
= increase, rise
Ex: As living costs mount, many young people find it difficult to afford their daily expenses.