PAS407 - Class Skull, Scalp and Face

What is the neurocranium?

protective case for the brain

what are the parts of the skull?

1. neurocranium

2. calvaria

3. basicranium

what are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?

§ Four singular bones centered on the midline

· Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and occipital

§ two sets occurring as bilateral pairs

· temporal and parietal

calvaria is?

skull cap

basicranium is?

cranial floor

the viscerocranium is?

the facial bones

- 15 irregular bones

what is the pterion? what is it's clinical significance?

o distinguishes H-shaped formation of sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing), and temporal bones.

§ Represents weak point in cranium, susceptible to fracture

§ Pterion fractures complicated by presence of middle meningeal artery deep to this space

what 3 processes come off the temporal bone?

1. zygomatic process

2. styloid process

3. mastoid process

What are the pterygoid processes?

o consists of lateral and medial pterygoid plates

o extend inferiorly on each side of the sphenoid

What is the sella turcica?

o a.k.a Turkish saddle

o central depression for pituitary gland

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

what's the mnemonic for the 5 layers of the scalp?

SCALP

what do the muscles of the face and scalp generally do?

· Embedded in the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior and posterior scalp, face, and neck.

· Move the skin and change facial expressions to convey mood.

· Function by pulling the skin.

what are the 5 main muscles of the face and scalp?

- occipitofrontalis

- orbicularis Oris

- orbicularis oculi

- buccinator

- platysma

action of occipitofrontalis

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

action of orbicularis oris

compresses and purses lips

action of orbicularis oculi

closes eye

action of buccinator

· Keeps the cheek taut during chewing

· Compresses the cheeks and lips against the teeth and gums

action of platysma

contracts to tense skin along neck

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve that go to the face/scalp?

1. Opthalmic n.

2. maxillary n.

3. mandibular n.

the Opthalmic nerve does what?

Supplies the skin overlying the anterior scalp

the maxillary nerve does what?

§Supplies the maxillary region of the face

the mandibular nerve does what?

three sensory branches that supply the jaw region

the mandibular nerve gives off what branch?

auriculotemporal n.

(runs anterior to the ear)

what is a mnemonic for remembering the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Two

Zebras

Bit

My

Coccyx.

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

1. temporal

2. zygomatic

3. buccal

4. marginal mandibular

5. cervical

what does the temporal branch supply?

auricularis superior and auricularis anterior, the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis, superior part of the orbicularis oculi.

what does the zygomatic branch supply?

orbicularis oculi and other facial muscles

what does the buccal branch supply?

supplies buccinators

upper parts of orbicularis oris

inferior fibers of levator labii superioris

what does the marginal mandibular branch supply?

risorius and muscles of the lower lip and chin

what does the cervical branch supply?

platysma

what are the vasculature of the face?

1. facial artery

2. superficial temporal artery

what is the major arterial supply to the face?

facial artery

what does the facial artery arise from?

external carotid a.

what 2 branches does the facial artery give off (and to where)?

1. superior and

2. inferior labial branches

to the upper and lower lips

what does the superficial temporal artery divide into? (2)

1. frontal branches

2. parietal branches

Frontal bone

Sphenoid bone

Nasal bone

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Maxillary bone

Zygomatic bone

Mandible bone

Temporal bone

Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Parietal bone

Sphenoid bone

Occipital bone

Temporal bone

Vomer

Palatine bone

Mandible bone

Maxillary bone

Ethmoid bone

Nasal bone

Frontal bone

Maxillary bone

Sphenoid bone

Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Temporal bone

Zygomatic bone

Vomer

Palatine bone

Frontal bone

Ethmoid bone

Occipitofrontalis m.

Buccinator m.

Platysma m.

Orbicularis Oculi

Orbicularis Oris

Ophthalmic (V1) (division of trigeminal nerve V)

Maxillary (V2) (division of trigeminal nerve V)

Mandibular (V3) division of trigeminal nerve

Temporal branch of facial nerve

Zygomatic branch of facial nerve

Buccal branch of facial nerve

Sphenoid bone

Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve

Temporal bone

Cervical branch of facial nerve

Occipital bone

Posterior auricular n.

Superficial temporal a.

Facial a.

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Vomer

Sphenoid bone

Skin of scalp

Connective tissue of scalp

Aponeurosis of scalp

Loose areolar tissue of scalp

Pericranium of scalp

Parietal bone