Biol 2160 Exam 5

A deficiency in cholesterol will have the largest effect on the activity of which organ?

Liver

A liver cell in your body that as become infected by a virus would present an antigen on its own:

Class I MHC Complex

A person wo has their gall bladder removed must closely monitor their intake of what?

Fats

Allergies are a result of excessive release of what?

Histamine

An epitope is part of

An antigen

Bile salts are made from

Cholesterol

Both B cells and T cells have receptors for antigens on their membranes

True

Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which does what?

Forms pores in cell membranes

During a record setting at the bar, you manage to consume 1000 mLs of alcohol. About how much water will you eliminate in your urine

4000 mLs

Eating a meal that is high in protein will result in increased release of which pancreatic enzyme?

Chymotrypsin

Failure of the pancreas to secrete adequate levels of sodium bicarbonate might have which of the following consequences?

Damage to the small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

Helper T cells are involved in

Both humoral and cell mediated immunity

How do memory B cells help you avoid getting the same illness twice?

By forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies

If you were to measure the pH of chyme in the duodenum, and found it to be between 7 and 8, would this promote, or delay further emptying of gastric contents?

Promote

In which part of the nephron is Na+ not reabsorbed?

Descending limb of the Loop of Henle

Increased blood flow to the site of injury is a result of _____ being released by mast cells

Histamine

Increased vasopressin levels might be attributed to improper functioning of which digestive organ?

Large intestine

Reabsorption of _____ in the proximal tubule is active

Na+

Select the incorrect statement about ADH

It is produced by the distal tubule

Some drugs are easily detected in the urine because of which process?

Secretion

The colon is part of which digestive organ?

Large intestine

The Na+/K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located on the

Basolateral membrane of tubular cells

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is normally closed to prevent what?

Air from entering the esophagus during breathing

The purpose of the Loop of Henle is to establish a concentration gradient that will allow for the reabsorption of _____ in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Water

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin _______

Only in the distal tubule and collecting duct

What is the purpose of the cytokines in the inflammatory response?

Attract more phagocytic cells

What is the purpose of the Loop of Henle?

Maintain a chemical gradient

What percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus is unfiltered and leaves through the efferent arteriole?

80%

What percentage of the total Na+ that gets reabsorbed takes place int he proximal tubule?

67

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular sectretion of

Hydrogen ions increases

Where does 25% of the total Na+ reabsorbed take place?

Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Which cell type in the adaptive immune system would be most helpful in destroying cancerous cells in your body?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which cell type in the innate immune system would be most useful in battling cancerous cells?

Natural killer T cells

Which gastric hormone indirectly affects fat digestion

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which is Not a pancreatic hormone that is involved in protein digestion?

Aminopeptidase

Which is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?

All

Which is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?

Small intestine

Which of the following is not a component of saliva?

Pepsin

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Maintain appropriate CO2 levels in the blood

Which of the following is not a step in transepithethial transport?

Movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Which of the following is NOT a type of autoimmune disease?

AIDS

Which of the following is NOT part of the humoral immune response?

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immunity?

T cell lymphocytes

Which of the following is not usually one of the substances that is secreted during tubular secretion?

Nat+

Which of the following will NOT be recognized by T cell lymphocytes?

Unbound antigen circulating in the blood

Which part of an antibody physically makes contact with antigens?

Variable region

Which process is through to control interferon release?

Fever

Which tissue layer of the digestive tract helps prevent damage from friction due to digestive motility?

Serosa

Which type of lymphocyte divides during the humoral immune response?

B cell

Why would drinking sea water makes you more dehydrated?

Increased Na+ in the filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in the distal tubule