Kinetic Anatomy - Chapter 1: Structures

Vocabulary flashcards covering concepts, anatomical landmarks, tissue types, joint classifications, lever systems, and structural terms from Chapter 1.

Kinetic Anatomy

The study of movement.

Epithelial Tissue

Protective barriers that line all of the body's organs and surfaces.

Wolff's Law

The principle stating that bone adapts to the stresses placed upon it.

Long Bones

Bones consisting of a diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, periosteum, and articular cartilage, such as the femur and humerus.

Short Bones

Symmetrical bones without a diaphysis, such as the bones in the wrist and ankle.

Flat Bones

Bones featuring a flat shape, such as those found in the head, chest, and shoulder.

Irregular Bones

Bones that do not fit into the long, short, or flat categories, such as the vertebrae.

Sesamoid Bones

Sesame seed-shaped, free-floating bones found within tendons and muscles, such as the patella.

Tuberosity

An anatomical landmark defined as a large bump on a bone.

Process

An anatomical landmark defined as a projection from a bone.

Tubercle

An anatomical landmark defined as a smaller bump on a bone.

Spinous Process

An anatomical landmark defined as a longer and thinner projection of bone.

Condyles

Anatomical landmarks defined as bony knobs at the ends of long bones.

Epicondyles

Anatomical landmarks defined as smaller knobs located just above the condyles.

Fossa

An anatomical landmark defined as a smooth hollow surface.

Facet

An anatomical landmark defined as a smaller, flatter smooth surface.

Notch

An area of bone that appears to be cut out to allow for the passage of other structures.

Foramen

An anatomical landmark defined as a hole in the bone.

Articulation

Another name for a joint, where two or more bones join.

Arthrokinematics

Actions of joints, which include rolling, spinning, and gliding.

Diarthrodial Joints

Joints containing a joint cavity, synovial fluid, and joint capsule, allowing for the largest amount of movement.

Synarthrodial Joints

Joints that do not have a joint cavity.

SAID Principle

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands; the principle that muscle can change in size and strength based on demands.

Type 1 Muscle Fibers

Slow twitch, smaller, dark muscle fibers that are slow to fatigue.

Type 2 Muscle Fibers

Fast twitch, larger, lighter-colored muscle fibers that fatigue faster.

First-Class Lever

A lever system in which the axis is located between the resistance and the force.

Second-Class Lever

A lever system in which the resistance is located between the axis and the force.

Third-Class Lever

A lever system in which the force is located between the resistance and the axis.

Arteries

Blood vessels that move blood away from the heart to the body tissues.

Capillaries

Blood vessels that provide blood directly to the cells.

Veins

Blood vessels that transport blood from the capillaries and return it to the heart.

Fascia

Fibrous connective tissue that covers, connects, or supports other tissues.

Bursa

A fluid-filled sac that protects muscles, tendons, and ligaments as they cross bony prominences.

Motor Unit

A motor nerve and all the muscle fibers it supplies, ranging from 10 to 2,000 muscle fibers per single motor nerve.