Unit 16: Body Systems

Flashcards of key vocabulary from lecture notes

Cerebrum

Largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.

Frontal Lobe

Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving.

Parietal Lobe

Associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli.

Occipital Lobe

Associated with visual processing.

Temporal Lobe

Associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.

Blood flow

Amount of blood that flows through any tissue in a given period of time.

Total blood flow

Volume of blood that circulates through the systemic and pulmonary blood vessels each minute.

Immune System

The body’s defense against disease-causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles.

Antibody

A protein produced by the human immune system to tag and destroy invasive microbes.

Antigen

Any protein that our immune system uses to recognize “self” vs. “not self.”

Nonspecific Immune Response

Our first line of defense (skin, mucous) against invading organisms. It is not tailored to any specific pathogen and treats all equally.

Specific Immune Response

Effective against specific pathogens and is based on memory (memory cells- Tcells/Bcells).

Vaccine

Kills virus while antibiotics kill bacteria. Taken once and has permanent effect, preventive method that is taken before getting infected.

Antibiotics

Kill bacteria (but not viruses). work during the time of disease. taken after getting infected.

Pathogens

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Vaccines

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases

Virus

Small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms

Antibiotics

Used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection.

Antigens

A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

Blood pressure

Force exerted by the blood against the vessel wall. Blood pressure is highest in arteries and gradually decreases as it passes through arterioles, capillaries, and veins.

Nonspecific Immune Response

Generalized responses to pathogen infection - they do not target a specific cell type

Specific Immune Response

Immunity against a specific antigen or disease; B cells and T cells (memory cells)