IBBiology[HL] A2.1.4 — Evidence for the origin of carbon compounds; A2.1.3— Challenge of explaining the spontaneous origin of cells; A2.1.6— RNA as a presumed first genetic material.

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14 Terms

1

What did the Miller-Urey experiment test?

the first step of the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis; whether simple carbon compounds can form from inorganic compounds.

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2

What did Miller and Urey conclude from their experiment?

  • A variety of carbon compounds, including amino acids, were formed from inorganic compounds*

  • Carbon compounds could have spontaneously formed on prebiotic Earth.

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3

Extraplanetary origin of carbon compounds

the molecules of life on Earth were present in the early solar system and are not unique to Earth. 

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4

Polymerization

the process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a large chainlike molecule, called a polymer

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5

RNA polymer

RNA is a polymer formed by condensation of nucleotide monomers

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6

RNA

The first molecule to pass genetic information between generations is presumed to be ___

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7

self replicating genetic material

RNA

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8

ribozymes

RNA that functions as a catalyst. (RNA can catalyze its own replication and is also able to catalyze other essential biochemical reactions.)

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9

Membranes can exist as:

vesicles (a), micelles (b) and bilayers (c).

<p><span>vesicles (a), micelles (b) and bilayers (c).</span></p>
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10

______ were likely the primary component of the membrane of early cells

Fatty acids

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11

What are cell membranes made out of now?

Phospholipids

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12

Each fatty acid molecule is a ______ with a _______ group attached to one end.

hydrocarbon chain; carboxyl (COOH)

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13

____ (head) is hydrophilic, and ____ (tail) is hydrophobic.

Carboxyl, hydrocarbon chain

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14

micelles

Fatty acids in a watery solution will be attracted to each other and will spontaneously form spherical structures called ____(the term).

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