Historiography

Globalism

The idea that all people and all nations are interdependent

How timelines are used in social science

Used to show the relationships between people, places, and events Ordered chronologically and usually are shown left-to-right or top-to-bottom Each event is associated with a date that determines it location

Political cartoons

Drawing that memorable convey an opinion Secondary sources of information that provide social and cultural context about events

Map legend

An area that provides interpretation information such as the key, the scale, and how to interpret the map

Key

The area that defines symbols, abbreviations, and color schemes used on the map

Scale

A feature of the map legend that tells how distance on the map relates to distance on the ground Either mathematically in a ratio or visually with a line segment

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees

Primary resource

Provide information about an event from the perspective of the people who were present at the event Letters, autobiographies, interviews, speeches, artworks, or anything creased by people with first-hand experiences

Secondary resource

Provide information about an event but were not written at the time the event occurred Draw information from and analyze primary sources

Archeology

The study of past human cultures by evaluating what they leave behind Bones, buildings, art, tools, pottery, graves, and trash

Cause-and-effect relationships

a set of quantitative and qualitative measurements that are related and mutually reinforcing

Datasets and texts

can provide more specific information about events that can be hypothesized from maps

Charts

Divide space up in blocks, which are filled with text and or pictures to convey a point

Tables

Type of chart that divides textual information into rows and columns

Encyclopedias

summarize knowledge that is found in original form elsewhere Provide a clearly organized, concise overview of material

Bibliographies

Bound collections of references to periodicals and books, organized by topics

Almanacs

Volumes of facts published annually Provide numerical information on just about every topic, and are organized by subject or geographic region

Anthropology

The study of human culture Study groups of humans, how they relate to each other, and the similarities and differences between these different groups and cultures

Globe

Earth's features are shown on a sphere No distortion of distances, directions, or areas occurs

Mercator

Earth's features are projected onto a cylinder wrapped around a globe Generates a rectangular map that is not distorted at the equator but is greatly distorted near the poles Lines of latitude and longitude form a square grid

Robinson

Earth's features are projected onto an oval-looking map Areas near the poles are truer to size than in the Mercator Some distortion

Orthographic

Earth's features are shown on a circle, which is tangent to the globe at any point chosen by the mapmaker Generates a circular, 3D-appearing map similar to how Earth is seen from space

Conic maps

This family of maps is drawn by projecting the globe's features onto a cone set onto the globe Some distortion

Polar maps

The land around the poles had been projected onto a circle Provides much less distortion of Antarctica and the land around the North Pole than other map types

Natural features

Waterways, wetlands, beaches, deserts, mountains, highlands, and plains

Political features

State and county divisions or roads and railroads

Cultural features

Roads and railroads, historic areas, museums, archaeological digs, early settlements, campgrounds

Graphs

Graphically show numeric information on both axes

Diagrams

Drawings that show the progression of events