History 1493 Final Exam ( Start of the Cold War to the end of the Cold War)

What does Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech represent?

it emphasized the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism

What was the Cold War?

a struggle between the world’s super powers

What were the long term causes of the Cold War?

challenges of capitalism, emergence of Russian socialism, communist forces could control vast resources and economic structures, Russian fear of the West, American possession and operation of nuclear weapons

What were the short term causes of the Cold War?

decline of American isolationism,, development of spheres of influence, creation of a politcal manifest destiny

Was Russian fear justified by the West?

Yes, Russian fear was justified due to Western military actions, the presence of NATO, and the economic threats posed by capitalism.

How did the notion of Spheres of Influence encourage the Cold War?

it promoted the division of major world powers

What is the significance of Kennan’s Long Telegram?

it was a very negative view of Russia and it provided information on how to approach Russia

How do we compare Nikolai Novikov’s telegram to Russia with Kennan’s?

Novikov's telegram presented a critical view of the United States, emphasizing its expansionist policies and portraying it as a threat to global peace, contrasting with Kennan's focus on Soviet aggression.

What was the goal of the NATO treaty?

to create a defensive perimeter agaisnt the threat of Russia

What was the Warsaw Pact?

provided a unified military command and the systematic ability to strengthen the Soviet hold over the other participating countries

What was the NSC-68 Council?

mutually assured destruction and a fear of nuclear annihilation

what continents were affected by the Cold War?

North America and Europe

who were the black panthers and what were their goals?

they were a group of black individuals and their goals were achieve social justice through violence

what is executive desegregation?

organized resistance. an example is Little Rock Nine

what is an example of non-violent resistance from CRM?

lunch counter sit ins

what encouraged the Civil Rights Movement?

Harlem resistance, growth of Black organizations, world war II, the cold war, rise of consumer culture, American Civic Ideals

what was an example of the Black is Beautiful Movement?

afros

How is the nation of Islam an expression of Black Power?

it emphasized black pride and separatism

What were the failures of the Civil Rights Movement?

it did not address structural inequalities, healthcare, income, or justice, and did not solve the issue of race identity in a homogeneous society

what did the 24th amendment do?

eliminated poll taxes

how did Eisenhower approach Vietnam?

he saw it as unimportant

how did Kennedy view Vietnam?

he said that we needed to fight against communism and be involved in this war.

What is the Tet Offensive

a coordinated attack againt South Vietnam

who were the Vietminh?

a Communist front organization founded by Ho Chi Minh in to organize resistance against French colonial rule and occupying Japanese forces.

who were the Vietcong

communist driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam

Chicano

term for Mexicans living in the United States

Tejano

Mexican and living in Texas

who was Cesar Chavez?

civil rights, Latino, farm worker, and labor leader

what was operation wetback?

an immigration law that led to the mass deportation of many Mexicans in the United States

what is a good definition of the cold war?

a struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union where they fought indirectly over communist and democratic ideals through impending nuclear warfare.

what is the difference between the Warsaw Pact and NATO?

NATO combined capital and democratic military forces. The Warsaw Pact was a direct response to NATO which combined communist nations and forced the Cold War beyond Europe.

what was the significance of Kennan’s telegraph

it formed the basis for American foreign policy towards the Soviet Union for the next 25 years including the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

what is the decline of the civil rights movement?

Nixon and the silent majority passively working against the Vietnam war and the black power movement.

what was the significance of Nikolai Novikov’s Telegram

declared the United States was striving for world supremacy by providing aid

what was NSC-68

aa secret report discussing mutually assured destruction and fear of nuclear annihilation. it also discussed cultural cultural dissonance.

how did Johnson view the Vietnam war?

he pursued attacks in North Vietnam through bombing and wanted to remove communism from the north through guerilla warfare

How did Nixon view the Vietnam war?

he wanted to negotiate with the Vietcong to where they both had ocntrol over the North

What were the results if the Vietnam war for the United States?

they were criticized for their poor military tactics and taking it too far which caused them to lose their standing with other nations, especially south-east Asia

Vietnamization

a program designed to shift the responsibility of the war form the U.S. to the south Vietnamese

what was the significance of the fall of Saigon

it marked the fall of south Vietnam and led to the North overpowering the south

what were the three primary Protestant groups during the Cold War?

Mainline, Conservative evangelicals, and the black church

Mainline Christianity

liberal approach to theology and social issues. they supported world war 2 and the cold war

Conservative evangelicals

conservative approach to theology and social issues, they supported good versus evil rhetoric

The black church

emphasized black power and civil rights which was prioritized over the Vietnam war

What happened on Alcatraz

more the 300 Native American protestors demanded the federal government return to island to them and wanted to build a Native American university and museum.

what was the main motivation for the “New Indians”?

they were moved from reservations to urban areas and the government did not fulfill their promises so they were left jobless and homeless.

What were the similarities between the black and red power movements?

both were inspired by Civil rights movements, both used non-violent protests and demanded all citizens equal access to social and economic opportunities

What were the differences between the black and red power movements?

red power saw themselves as member of a separate sovereign nation because they did not want to give up their indigenous identity.

trail of broken treaties

natives demanded a meeting with Nixon, 500 protests occupied the headquarters of the bureau of native affairs, federal judge ordered protestors to vacate but they raided all of the cabinets

what was culture like during the Cold war?

rise of consumption culture, increase in individualism, decline of community, increase in national identification, and the merging of church and state.

what did the guitar solo do?

connected to the rapid growth of individualism and the rise of consumer culture

what killed the guitar solo

simplification, the synthesizer

what was the role of Mikhail Gorbachev?

he was a new reformer who was not stuck in communist ideals and argued that Russia should turn into a democracy.

what did Glasnost encourage?

individual success and a more affective government.

what happened at the end of the Cold War?

a rise of economic and political freedom, fracturing of the Soviet Union, Putin tries to regain Russian power(trying to bite off chunks to go back to communism), the reunification of Germany(Berlin Wall),