Biology 2 Chapter 22

Descent with Modification

evolution can be defined by the phrase

descent with modification

viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scala naturae

Aristotle

species designed for a specific purpose

Carolus Linnaeus

found of taxonomy, biology concerned with classifying organisms

Carolus Linnaeus

developed the binomial format for naming species

Carolus Linnaeus

study of fossils

paleontology

developed palentontology

Georges Cuvier

perceived changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow continuous actions still operating today

James Hutton and Charles Lyell

hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts

Lamarck

process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

natural selection

natural selection: process in which _____ with favorable inherited traits are more likely to ___ and ______

individuals,survive,reproduce

unity of life (lot of ________)

similarity

diversity of life (there is ____ differenece)

one

what summarized Darwin’s perception of the unity of life?

descent with modification

all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past

descent with modification

humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

artificial selection

example of artificial selection

wild mustard

**observation 1 of artificial selection-** members of a population vary in their _____ traits

inherited

**observation 2 of artificial selection-** species can produce more offspring than the ____ can support, and many fail to __ and ______

environment,survive,reproduce

______ evolve over time

populations

four types of data that document the patter of evolution

1. Direct Observation
2. Homology
3. Fossil Record


1. Biogeography

two examples that provide evidence for natural selection

1. introduced plant species
2. evolution of drug-resistant bacteria

natural selection does not create new traits, but ____ and ___ for traits already present in the population

edits,selects

similarity resulting from common ancestry

homology

remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors

vestigial structures

example of homologies at molecular level

genes shared among organisms inherited from common ancestor

hypotheses about the relationships among different groups

evolutionary trees

evolution of similar, or analogous features in distantly related groups

convergent evolution

**convergent evolution-** evolution of ___ or _____ features in distantly related groups

similar,analogous

example of convergent evolution

sugar glider and flying squirrel

provides evidence of the extinction of species, the origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time

the fossil record

scientific study of the geographic distribution of species

biogeography

example of biogeography

pangea

species that are not found anywhere else in the world

endemic