evolution can be defined by the phrase
descent with modification
viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scala naturae
Aristotle
species designed for a specific purpose
Carolus Linnaeus
found of taxonomy, biology concerned with classifying organisms
Carolus Linnaeus
developed the binomial format for naming species
Carolus Linnaeus
study of fossils
paleontology
developed palentontology
Georges Cuvier
perceived changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow continuous actions still operating today
James Hutton and Charles Lyell
hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts
Lamarck
process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
natural selection
natural selection: process in which _____ with favorable inherited traits are more likely to ___ and ______
individuals,survive,reproduce
unity of life (lot of ________)
similarity
diversity of life (there is ____ differenece)
one
what summarized Darwin’s perception of the unity of life?
descent with modification
all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past
descent with modification
humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
artificial selection
example of artificial selection
wild mustard
observation 1 of artificial selection- members of a population vary in their _____ traits
inherited
observation 2 of artificial selection- species can produce more offspring than the ____ can support, and many fail to __ and ______
environment,survive,reproduce
______ evolve over time
populations
four types of data that document the patter of evolution
Direct Observation
Homology
Fossil Record
Biogeography
two examples that provide evidence for natural selection
introduced plant species
evolution of drug-resistant bacteria
natural selection does not create new traits, but ____ and ___ for traits already present in the population
edits,selects
similarity resulting from common ancestry
homology
remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors
vestigial structures
example of homologies at molecular level
genes shared among organisms inherited from common ancestor
hypotheses about the relationships among different groups
evolutionary trees
evolution of similar, or analogous features in distantly related groups
convergent evolution
convergent evolution- evolution of ___ or _____ features in distantly related groups
similar,analogous
example of convergent evolution
sugar glider and flying squirrel
provides evidence of the extinction of species, the origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time
the fossil record
scientific study of the geographic distribution of species
biogeography
example of biogeography
pangea
species that are not found anywhere else in the world
endemic