5th year biology- circulatory system/blood and composition of blood

composition of plasma

90% water,7% plasma proteins and 3% dissolved proteins.

Role of plasma

transports food,salts,hormones,waste and heat

composition of red blood cells

don't have a nucleus, mitochondria made in bone marrow

role of red blood cells

transport oxygen, dead blood cells are broken down in liver and spleen, haemoglobin is broken down to bile.

white blood cells

fight infection

composition of platelets

cell fragments, formed in bone marrow

role of platelets

blood clotting

what is serum?

plasma without clotting proteins

main 4 blood groups

AB,A,B,O

What is the Rhesus factor?

a type of protein found on the outside of red blood cells, important for safe blood transfusion.

what are the 2 main functions of blood

transportation and protection

what is a lymphocyte?

25% of white blood cell,made in bone marrow, found in lymphatic system, make antibodies

what is a monocyte?

5% of white blood cell, made in bone marrow, engulfs bacteria.

open circulatory system

One in which the blood is not held in vessels

closed circulatory system

blood always remains in blood vessels

advantages of closed circulatory system

blood can be pumped faster, nutrients can be delivered faster to cells making organisms to be more active. blood flow rate to different organs can be changed.

what is a double circulatory system?

The circulatory system is made of two circuits joined together. One links your heart and lungs (the pulmonary circuit). The other links your heart and body.(systemic circuit)

advantages of a double circulatory system

Separation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood,Blood pressure can be kept high

what are the roles of muscle tissue and valves in maintaining blood circulation?

muscle tissue- the cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle that keeps pumping blood. valves- prevent backflow

describe blood flow through the heart

1. Superior & Inferior Vena Cava --> 2. Right Atrium --> 3. Tricuspid Valve --> 4. Right Ventricle --> 5. Pulmonary Valve --> 6. Pulmonary Artery --> 7. LUNGS = OXYGENATION / GAS XCHG --> 8. Pulmonary Veins --> 9. Left Atrium --> 10. Mitral Valve --> 11. Left Ventricle --> 12. Aortic Valve --> 13. Aorta --> 14. BODY

why do red blood cells have a concave shape?

to increase surface area for O2 transport

how long do red blood cells live for

4 months

what is the role of lymphocytes?

they produce anti-bodies to fight disease

what happens if a blood transfusion does NOT match?

blood my clump in recipient casing complications

what characterises the rhesus factor in blood?

Presence of antigen D

how does blood maintain body temperature?

Heat in plasma helps maintain 37 degrees C for homeostasis

which components does plasma transport?

foods, Co2 and hormone's

define homeostasis

maintaining a constant internal envioment

Function of tricuspid valve

prevents backflow in the atria

Where on the heart is the coronary artery located?

The front

Ventrioles

Attach veins to cappilaries

Arterioles

Attach arteries to capillaries

Capillaries

Small blood vessels with thin walls, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs

Deoxygenated blood flow in the heart

blood enters in the right atrium side of the heart through the Vena cava and then is pumped into the right ventricle, the tricuspid valve closes blood is then forced out of the heart into the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

Oxygenated blood flow in the heart

blood enters in the left atrium side of the heart through the pulmonary vein and then is pumped into the right ventricle, the bicuspid valve closes blood is then forced out of the heart through aorta.

Pulmonary circuit

heart—>lungs—>heart

Systemic

heart—> body —> heart