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composition of plasma
90% water,7% plasma proteins and 3% dissolved proteins.
Role of plasma
transports food,salts,hormones,waste and heat
composition of red blood cells
don't have a nucleus, mitochondria made in bone marrow
role of red blood cells
transport oxygen, dead blood cells are broken down in liver and spleen, haemoglobin is broken down to bile.
white blood cells
fight infection
composition of platelets
cell fragments, formed in bone marrow
role of platelets
blood clotting
what is serum?
plasma without clotting proteins
main 4 blood groups
AB,A,B,O
What is the Rhesus factor?
a type of protein found on the outside of red blood cells, important for safe blood transfusion.
what are the 2 main functions of blood
transportation and protection
what is a lymphocyte?
25% of white blood cell,made in bone marrow, found in lymphatic system, make antibodies
what is a monocyte?
5% of white blood cell, made in bone marrow, engulfs bacteria.
open circulatory system
One in which the blood is not held in vessels
closed circulatory system
blood always remains in blood vessels
advantages of closed circulatory system
blood can be pumped faster, nutrients can be delivered faster to cells making organisms to be more active. blood flow rate to different organs can be changed.
what is a double circulatory system?
The circulatory system is made of two circuits joined together. One links your heart and lungs (the pulmonary circuit). The other links your heart and body.(systemic circuit)
advantages of a double circulatory system
Separation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood,Blood pressure can be kept high
what are the roles of muscle tissue and valves in maintaining blood circulation?
muscle tissue- the cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle that keeps pumping blood. valves- prevent backflow
describe blood flow through the heart
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava --> 2. Right Atrium --> 3. Tricuspid Valve --> 4. Right Ventricle --> 5. Pulmonary Valve --> 6. Pulmonary Artery --> 7. LUNGS = OXYGENATION / GAS XCHG --> 8. Pulmonary Veins --> 9. Left Atrium --> 10. Mitral Valve --> 11. Left Ventricle --> 12. Aortic Valve --> 13. Aorta --> 14. BODY
why do red blood cells have a concave shape?
to increase surface area for O2 transport
how long do red blood cells live for
4 months
what is the role of lymphocytes?
they produce anti-bodies to fight disease
what happens if a blood transfusion does NOT match?
blood my clump in recipient casing complications
what characterises the rhesus factor in blood?
Presence of antigen D
how does blood maintain body temperature?
Heat in plasma helps maintain 37 degrees C for homeostasis
which components does plasma transport?
foods, Co2 and hormone's
define homeostasis
maintaining a constant internal envioment
Function of tricuspid valve
prevents backflow in the atria
Where on the heart is the coronary artery located?
The front
Ventrioles
Attach veins to cappilaries
Arterioles
Attach arteries to capillaries
Capillaries
Small blood vessels with thin walls, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs
Deoxygenated blood flow in the heart
blood enters in the right atrium side of the heart through the Vena cava and then is pumped into the right ventricle, the tricuspid valve closes blood is then forced out of the heart into the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood flow in the heart
blood enters in the left atrium side of the heart through the pulmonary vein and then is pumped into the right ventricle, the bicuspid valve closes blood is then forced out of the heart through aorta.
Pulmonary circuit
heart—>lungs—>heart
Systemic
heart—> body —> heart
