A(n) ________ is a very small infective agent that consists of a core of nucleic acid and is dependent on a living host.
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Prions
________ cause fatal degenerative brain diseases, such as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
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HIV
Retroviruses, such as ________, use reverse transcriptase to transcribe their RNA genome into a DNA intermediate that becomes integrated into the host DNA.
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Diseases
________ caused by DNA viruses include herpes, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal disorders.
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Lytic cycle
In a(n) ________, the virus destroys the host cell.
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Viruses
________ may trace their origin to animal cells, plant cells, bacterial cells, or archaeal cells.
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Temperate virus
A(n) ________ alternates between a lytic and a lysogenic cycle.
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Lysogenic cycle
In a(n) ________, the genome of a temperate virus is replicated along with replication of the hosts DNA without causing death of the host cell.
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complex cellular ancestors
The regressive, or reduction, hypothesis asserts that viruses are remnants of cellular organisms; they evolved from free- living, ________.
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Virus
A(n) ________ is a subcellular particle consisting of a DNA or RNA genome surrounded by a protein coat, called a capsid.
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Viruses
________ enter animal cells by membrane fusion or by endocytosis.
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Viroid
A(n) ________ consists of a short strand of RNA with no protein coat.
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Viruses
________ contain the nucleic acids necessary to make copies of themselves, but to reproduce they must invade living cells and commandeer their metabolic machinery.
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viruses
In some ________ the capsid is surrounded by an outer envelope.
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Viruses
________ are classified based on host range, the types of host species they can infect; the type of nucleic acid they contain; and whether the nucleic acid is single- stranded or double- stranded.
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Viruses
________ may have initially existed as self- replicating units.
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Viruses
________ can be spread among plants by insect vectors.
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Viruses are classified based on host range, the types of host species they can infect; the type of nucleic acid they contain; and whether the nucleic acid is single-stranded or double
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Flashcard (27)