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CHAPTERS1-4

The first step of the scientific method is __________.

Observe (why, how)

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (Ho) states that _____________.

there is no difference.

The four major categories of Earth science are: Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology, and __________.

Astronomy

The water portion of the planet is referred to as the __________.

Hydrosphere

The driving force of the Earth's system is __________.

the Sun

Renewable and nonrenewable are types of __________.

resources

The process of producing knowledge in science is called __________.

scientific inquiry

In scientific terms, a well-tested and widely accepted view is known as a __________.

theory

Minerals are defined as naturally occurring __________ solids with a definite chemical composition.

inorganic

The __________ is the smallest particle that cannot be split and retain its function.

atom

The three parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and __________.

electrons

Minerals primarily have a __________ structure and chemical composition.

crystalline

The movement of electrons that results in a full valence shell forms __________ bonds.

chemical

When a mineral breaks along planes of weak bonding, this is known as __________.

cleavage

A stream's ability to transport particles based on size is referred to as its __________.

competence

The difference between detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks is that detrital rocks form from __________ particles, while chemical rocks form from ions in solution.

solid

The development of a flat arrangement of mineral grains is called __________.

foliation

Groundwater exists in the tiny pore spaces between __________ of soil and sediment.

grains

The __________ of a glacier is influenced by the balance between accumulation and ablation.

budget

When a river discharges exceed its channel capacity, it results in a __________.

flood

The high content of groundwater contains __________ acid, which can dissolve limestone.

carbonic

Wind transports fine particles in suspension while heavier particles travel along the __________.

bed load