Distillation quiz MAIN

Simple distillation =

separation based on boiling-point differences.

Lower-boiling component vaporizes

first.

Simple distillation works best when BPs differ by

~40°C+.

Thermometer bottom aligns with

bottom of sidearm.

Thermometer measures

vapor temperature entering condenser.

Condenser water enters __ and exits __

bottom and top

__ acetone/toluene mixture

15 mL

Start temperature measurement at

first drop.

Record temperature every

1 mL.

Switch A if

>3°C from plateau OR tube nearly full.

Second plateau =

~2–3 mL at same temperature.

Never distill to

dryness.

Graph axes = y vs x

head temperature vs cumulative volume.

First plateau =

lower-boiling region.

Second plateau =

higher-boiling region.

Number of GC peaks =

number of resolved components.

Retention time =

identity.

Peak area =

amount/composition.

Safety answer =

hazard → danger → prevention → response.

Final Memory Chain:

Heat mixture → lower-boiling liquid vaporizes → thermometer measures vapor temperature → vapor enters condenser → water cools vapor → liquid is collected → temperature plateau represents a boiling region → A is collected first → changing temperature produces transition B → second plateau gives C → GC analyzes each fraction → retention time identifies compounds → peak area gives composition.