Orchestra final

B flat major/G minor

2 flats (B, E) b flat, c, d, e flat, f, g, a, b flat g, a, b flat, c, d, e flat, f, g

F major/ d minor

1 flat (b) f, g, a, b flat, c, d, e, f

C major/a minor

0 sharps or flats c, d, e, f, g, a, b, c a, b, c, d, e, f, g, a

g major/ e minor

1 sharp (f\#) g, a, b, c, d, e, f \#, g

d major/ b minor

2 sharps (f\# and c\#) d, e, f\#, g, a, b, c\#, d

relative major/ minor

Major and minor keys which have the same key signature

parallel major/minor

Major and minor keys with the same letter names (such as C Major and c minor)

2/4

2 beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat

3/4

3 beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat

4/4 or common time

4 beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat

6/8

6 beats per measure, eighth note gets the beat

2/2 or cut time

2 beats per measure, half note gets the beat

3/2

3 beats per measure, half note gets the beat

moderato

moderate tempo

allegro

fast tempo

andante

walking tempo

vivace

lively and fast

largo

very slow

presto

very fast

L'istesso tempo

in the same tempo as before

A tempo / Tempo I

to return to the original tempo

Tranquillo

in a quiet or calm manner

Maestoso (tempo)

majestically

adagio, lento, larghetto

slow tempo

Ritardando (rit.)

slowing down lightly

Rallentando (rall.)

slow down heavily

Dynamics

Degrees of loudness or softness in music

Pianissimo (pp)

very quiet

piano (p)

quiet

mezzopiano (mp)

moderately quiet

mezzoforte (mf)

moderately loud

Forte (f)

loud

fortissimo (ff)

very loud

crescendo

gradually get louder

Decrescendo

gradually get softer

Diminuendo (dim.)

becoming softer

morendo

Dying, fading away

cantabile

in a singing style

dolce

soft, smooth/sweet

pesante

heavy

subito (sub.)

suddenly

articulation

how specific notes or passages are played

up bow/down bow

The direction of a bow stroke

Arco

play with the bow

Pizzicato

plucking the strings

accent

Emphasize the note

stacatto

short and detached

spicatto

bouncing bow

legato

smoothly

slur

Smoothly connects two or more notes of different pitches by a curved line over or under the notes

tie

a way of increasing the length of a note in a place where writing a single note of a longer value isn't possible

tremolo

rapid ("trembling") repetition of a tone or chord, without apparent breaks, to express emotion

divisi

divided

sempre

always

simile

A directive to perform the indicated passage of a composition in a similar manner as the previous passage

unison

a sounding together

molto

much, very

J.S. Bach

marked the end of the renaissance era and start of the Baroque era

Melodic Minor Scale

a minor scale with the sixth and seventh degrees raised when ascending and lowered when descending.

a major--->f# minor

3 sharps \n a b c# d e f# g# a

harmonic scale

The 7th note is raised up and down

melodic scale

The 6th and 7th note is raised up a semitone on the way up and goes back to a natural minor scale

marcato

marked; with emphasis, march like

piu

more

meno

less motion

soli

a section solo, a group of soloists

tutti

all together

D.S. al coda

go back to the sign and go to the coda

D.S. al fine

repeat from the sign and play to the end

D.C. al coda

repeat from the beginning and play to coda, then skip to the coda

D.C. al fine

repeat from the beginning and end at Fine

dulce

sweetly

poco, poco a poco

a little, little by little

allegreto

moderately fast

Adantino

a little faster than adante

pizante

heavy

GP

entire orchestra has a rest

legno

playing with tapping the wood on bow to string

expressito

expressive

Animito

animated

fermata

hold the note longer than its value

quasi allegretto

kind of fast

trill

A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes

cadenza

elaborate solo

augmented

raised by a half step

diminished

lowered by a half steps

dissonance

Unpleasant or unharmonious sound

Picardy third

when a piece is entirely a minor key but at the very end is major

timbre

tone color

How do you spell our male teachers name

Mr. Marcacci

Interval pattern for a major scale

WWHWWWH

interval pattern for minor scale

WHWWHWW

Interval pattern for harmonicminor scale

WHWWH(W+H)H

order of sharps

FCGDAEB

Order of flats

BEADGCF

Hemiola

rhythmic relationship where 2 groups of 3 beats are REPLACED by 3 groups of 2 beats

con fuoco

with fire

con moto

with motion

rubato

push and pull of a tempo

stringendo

louder and faster