Chapter 6 (Questions)

Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured 12th Edition (AOOS) NREMT Prep Questions (Chapter 6)

A. Initial formation of a blood clot

What is the function of platelets?

A. Initial formation of a blood clot

B. Transport of oxygen and nutrients

C. Transport of cellular waste materials

D. Defense against invading organisms

C, Kidneys

Which of the following are found in the retroperitoneal space?

A. Liver

B. Spleen

C. Kidneys

D. Stomach

D. xiphoid process

The cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

A. costal arch.

B. manubrium.

C. angle of Louis.

D. xiphoid process

D. calcium.

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

A. magnesium.

B. potassium.

C. sodium.

D. calcium.

D. Skeletal system

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

A. Gastrointestinal tract

B. Blood vessels

C. Urinary system

D. Skeletal system

B. waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

A. available blood is shunted off to another venule while still carrying oxygen.

B. waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

C. carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cells, but oxygen cannot.

D. high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage.

D. Warms and humidifies inhaled air

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

A. Creates sound from vocal cord vibration

B. relaxes smooth muscle in the bronchioles

C. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

D. Warms and humidifies inhaled air

D. seven

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

A. six

B. five

C. four

D. seven

A. heat.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

A. heat.

B. lactic acid.

C. nitrogen.

D. oxygen.

C. 6 L

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

A. 5 L

B. 3 L

C. 6 L

D. 4 L

D. hinge

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

A. ball-and-socket

B. gliding

C. saddle

D. hinge

C. spleen.

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

A. liver.

B. pancreas.

C. spleen.

D. kidney.

D. acetabulum.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

A. ilium.

B. ischium.

C. femoral condyle.

D. acetabulum.

D. overall tidal volume is increased.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

A. expiratory reserve volume is decreased.

B. inspiratory reserve is increased.

C. minute volume is decreased.

D. overall tidal volume is increased.

B. alveoli.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

A. bronchi.

B. alveoli.

C. capillaries.

D. pleura.

C. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

A. The heart relies on an external electrical source to function correctly.

B. The heart can tolerate an interruption of oxygen for 5 minutes.

C. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

D. The heart receives its blood supply from the pulmonary arteries.

B. midsagittal

The ___________ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves.

A. coronal

B. midsagittal

C. sagittal

D. transverse

B. hypoxic drive.

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

A. pneumotaxic drive.

B. hypoxic drive.

C. hypocarbic drive.

D. oxyhemoglobin drive.

A. beta-1 receptors.

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

A. beta-1 receptors.

B. alpha-1 receptors.

C. beta-2 receptors.

D. alpha-2 receptors.

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

A. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

B. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

C. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

C. contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

A. must be filled with air before gas exchange can take place.

B. receives oxygen but is unable to release carbon dioxide.

C. contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

D. includes the alveoli and capillaries surrounding the alveoli.

A. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

A. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

B. Respirations of 30 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

C. Cool, clammy skin and retractions above the clavicles

D. Use of the accessory muscles in the neck and cyanosis

A. cerebrum

The largest part of the brain is the:

A. cerebrum.

B. brainstem.

C. cerebellum.

D. foramen magnum.

C. They help to fight infection.

Which of the following statements about red blood cells is FALSE?

A. They contain iron.

B. They carry oxygen.

C. They help to fight infection.

D. They give color to the blood.

A. oxygenated; lungs

The left atrium of the heart receives ___________ blood from the
___________.

A. oxygenated; lungs

B. deoxygenated; body

C. oxygenated; body

D. deoxygenated; lungs

B. 60 to 100 beats/min.

The normal resting adult heart rate is:

A. 50 to 70 beats/min.

B. 60 to 100 beats/min.

C. 80 to 110 beats/min.

D. 110 to 120 beats/min.

C. Tendons

_____ connect(s) muscles to bones.

A. Ligaments

B. Cartilage

C. Tendons

D. Joints

B. pancreas.

Insulin is produced in the:

A. liver.

B. pancreas.

C. thyroid gland.

D. adrenal glands.

C. thyroid cartilage.

The MOST prominent landmark on the anterior surface of the neck is the:

A. mastoid process.

B. cricoid cartilage.

C. thyroid cartilage.

D. cricothyroid membrane.

B. fractured both of his or her femurs.

A person with bilateral femur fractures has:

A. fractured one of his or her femurs.

B. fractured both of his or her femurs.

C. one femur fractured in two places.

D. fractured the lateral aspect of the femur.