Imported from Quizlet - Ch. 5 & 6 Jackson & Reforms

corrupt bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

protective tariff

A tax on an imported product instituted to protect local industries

revenue tariff

A tariff designed to produce income for the Federal government

labor unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

industrialization

Caused a shift from an economy based on farming to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories

Seminole

Florida tribe that refused to accept removal and waged a bitter war against the American army from 1835 to 1837

steamboats

An American Idea by Robert Fulton, Steam-engine powered and could travel down river with the current as well as up river. Revolutionized travel on the river; carried freight and passengers.

urbanization

Mass movement of people from farms to cities; growth of city into surrounding countryside

Nat Turner

A black slave preacher who led an uprising which killed 60 white people. The rebellion was crushed and the south became more militantly supportive of slavery in political battles

John Marshall

1755-1835. U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice. Oversaw Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland, created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court

canals

Artificial waterways to connect with rivers that were built because waterways were the cheapest way to transport goods

Second Bank of the U.S.

New national bank created to stabilize the economy and distribute scarce money across the country. President Jackson believed the bank had too much power, and he vetoed the rechartering of the bank in 1836.

yeoman

man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer

mudslinging

Attempt to ruin an opponent's reputation with insults

Missouri Compromise

(1820) an agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of 36°30´ latitude

Eli Whitney

An American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

railroads

Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

spoils system

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

cotton gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Adams-Onis Treaty

(1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

task system

A system of slave labor under which a slave had to complete a specific assignment each day. After they finished, their time was their own. Used primarily on rice plantations.

gang system

the organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations, worked from sunup to sundown

Monroe Doctrine

(1823) President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility

abolitionism

An idea that revolved around the idea that slavery is morally wrong

labor strikes

strikes [work stoppages] done by workers and union in order to gain their rights and higher wages from the Factories.

nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones; discrimination toward Irish Catholics and German immigrants

temperance

(n) moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or other desires or pleasures; total abstinence from alcohol

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

abolitionists

Anti-slavery activists who demanded the immediate end of slavery.