Geology Finals

Point Load Test 

The test consists of squeezing pieces of rock diametrically between two hardened steel cones.

Brazilian Indirect Tension Test

The test consists of applying diametrical compression to induce tensile stresses in a thin disc of rock

Discontinuities

In general, rock mass strength depends on the strength of intact rock and __?__

Rock Quality Designation

A rock test that can provide a simple and inexpensive general indication of rock mass quality

Rock Mass Classification

The process of placing a rock mass into groups or classes based on the behavior of the rock mass

Permeability (not sure yet)

When engineers build structures such as dams, one of the key properties is the ___?___ of the rocks

Weathering 

The hardness of a rock material may be modified or weakened by ___?___

Holes

The structures of rocks includes the following, except__?__ (joints, faults, folds, holes)

idk bro

What rock properties are affected by the variation of depth of pressure above the rock?

Compression

This type of force causes reduction on the length, area, and volume of a body under it.

Modulus of Elasticity

Indicates the stiffness of a material

Strain

The elongation or contraction of a material per unit length of the material

Stress

Measure of the internal resistance in a material to an externally applied load

Earthquake

Dynamic properties of rocks are essential in __?___

Ductile Deformation

Deformation that results in a permanent change to the shape or size of the rock

Elastic Deformation

Deformation that is temporary and reversed when the source of stress is removed

Ductile Deformation

What type of deformation do rocks experience when folds are forming?

idk bro

Which is the safest material to use if engineering a house near a volcano?

Texture

The size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains in a rock is called ___?___

Seismology

Is the study of earthquakes and the waves they created

Focus

Is the place of origin of the earthquake and the interior of the earth

Epicenter 

Is the place on the earth’s surface, which lies directly above the center of the earthquake

Magnitude

Is proportional to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus

Intensity

It is a numerical rating based on the relative effects to people, objects, environment, and structures

Luster

How a mineral reflects light from its surface

Cleavage

The property of splitting easily along flat surfaces of a mineral

Streak

The color of a mineral’s powder

Diamond

The hardest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale

Building Material & Foundation

Rocks are used for engineering purposes in two primary ways:

Bedrock

It's the hard, solid rock that lies below the regolith (loose material like soil and sediment)

Outcrop

Bedrock, when exposed at the surface due to weathering and erosion, it is called what?

Aggregates

Granular materials, such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone, used in construction.

Rock Mechanics

Study of the mechanical behavior of rocks under stress, examining how they deform or fracture in response to forces.

In situ stress

The natural pre-existing stress confined in the rock before it is drilled, excavated, or affected by outside influences

TRUE

The presence of groundwater is recognized as a major hazard in addition to cause operational activities in respect of tunnel construction works

FALSE

Presence and orientation of joints, shear zones, fault, and fault zones, will not control the overall rock mass charateristics for road requirements

TRUE

Alignment of road and railway cut slope and bench with respect to attitude of bedding, foliation, or flowage planes play a very important role. Horizontal rocks will provide moderate to good conditions while vertical rocks will pose problems on cut slope and bench

TRUE

The excavated rocks may be used as constructional material, and in others, rocks may form a major part of the finished product, such as a motorway cutting or a site for a reservoir

FALSE

What makes the earth heavy compared to gaseous planets is the high amount of nickel

Less cohesive rocks can easily erode if drilled with smaller diameters

FALSE

Joint is a type of fracture in rocks that has undergone significant amount of displacement

TRUE

The term discontinuities apply to any distinct break or interruption in the integrity of a rock mass

FALSE

Bonding strength between particles that constitute rock material cannot determine particle size and texture with mechanical or chemical weathering of the rock

TRUE

Color can be an indication of the weathered state of the rock

FALSE

Rock material strength and rock material hardness are not used in classifying earth material

FALSE

Lignite is a type of coal with the highest percentage of carbon and the heat it can produce during combustion

TRUE

The major constituent of natural gas is methane

TRUE

The evaluation of rock durability becomes an issue when the materials are supposed to be subjected to the natural elements, seasonal weather, and repeated cycles of temperature in its propose use

FALSE

For civil engineers, it is not necessary to know how the stresses are redistributed due to the rock-structure interaction and what is the rock mass strength

TRUE

Permeability defines as ability rock/sediment fluids pass through open spaces/pores

FALSE

Minerals can only be extracted by quarrying

FALSE

Deformation is the process when the rocks break apart or erode

TRUE

Heat and pressure are two things required to turn decaying plants into coal

TRUE

Natural gas is form of fossil fuel and it is the cleanest form of fossil fuel