Science

Cell Theory

The model of cell that states that cells make up all living things, come from preexisting cells, and preform the function of all living things.

Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together

Organ

A group of tissue

Organelle

The usually membrane-surrounded structures in a eukaryotic cell that preform special functions

Cell membrane

The structure that surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and what goes out

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that surrounds and protects some cells

Capsule

A slimy layer surrounding some bacteria that protects them from harmful substances and prevents them from drying out.

Cytoplasm

The material inside of a cell, excluding the nucleus

Flagellum

A whip like structure that some cells use to propel themselves through their enviroment

DNA

The molecule that contains important information for making proteins and helps regulate many cellular processes

Chromosome

A structure that contains a cells DNA

Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of tubes in eukaryotic cells that help produce and transport proteins and out the cell

Golgi apparatus

The organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies many proteins and packages them into small, bubble like structures called vesicles.

Ribosome

A small structure that assembles proteins found in both prokaryotic and eukariotic cells.

cytoskeleton

Several types of long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell that help the cell maintain and change its shape.

Lysosome

A small organelle in eukaryotic cells that act as the demolition crew within a cell.

Enzyme

A protein that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions.

Mitochondrion

The organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes most of the cells ATP

Selectively premeable

Allowing some substances to pass through while keeping others out.

Concentration gradient

The difference in the number of a certain type of molecule on each side of the membrane.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of a concentration gradient.

Osmosis

The movement of water across the semipermeable membrane.

Passive transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane without the cell doing any work, as in osmosis and diffiusion

Active transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane that requires the cell to do work.

Producer

An organism that can make its own food typically through photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

The process by which a plant uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide into water into the sugar glucose.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment that absorbs the sunlight for photosynthesis

ATP

The molecule that a cell uses to power many processes in the cell that need chemical energy.

Cellular resperation

The process in organisms of breaking down molecules to produce ATP

Anaerobic

Describes a process that does not use oxygen

Stem cell

A special cell that divides and matures into any type of cell needed by the body