immunizations

Natural immunity

refers to species-determined, innate resistance to an infectious agent

●Immunity that an organism is born with  

Herd immunity

immunity of a group or community

●Resistance of a group of people to invasion and spread of an infectious agent

●Based on the resistance of a high proportion of individuals members of a group to infection

Acquired immunity

Immunity that develops during your lifetime

Natural

Active immunity where antibodies developed in response to infection

Artificial

Active immunity where antibodies developed in response to a vaccination

Natural

Passive immunity where antibodies received from mother through breast milk

Artificial

Passive immunity where antibodies received from a medicine, from a gamma globulin injection infusion

Active and passive

What are the two types of acquired immunity

Toxoid

bacterial toxin that has been heated or chemically treated to decrease virulence but not antibody-producing ability

●Ex: bacteria that causes tetanus and diphtheria

Vaccines

suspensions of attenuated (live) or inactivated (killed) microorganisms

●Ex: pertussis (inactivated bacteria); measles, mumps, and rubella (live attenuated viruses); and hepatitis B (inactivated virus)      

Primary vaccine failure

– failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response; can be caused by improper storage, administration, or exposure of a light-sensitive vaccine to light

Secondary vaccine failure

– waning of immunity after an initial immune response.

●Often occurs in immunosuppressed and in those who have undergone organ transplantation in whom the immune memory has been destroyed    

It doesn’t need to be restarted when interrupted

●Because of secondary response, once initial immunization series has been started…….

Is this child sick today

Does the child have allergies

Has the child had a serious run to a vaccine in past

If the child started their period when’s the last cycle

Has the child gotten a vaccine in the last four weeks

what questions do u ask every patient when giving a vaccine

Redness or injection site pain and mild fever

Minor and common side effects from vaccines

Vaccine information sheet

●Required under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act

●Requires providers to counsel parents and clients about risks and benefits of immunizing agent as well as possible side effects

One inch needle

What size needle is used for under 12 months and Im injection

5/8 of a needle

What size needle used for under 12 months and subq injection

Vastus lateral is

IM INJECTION FOR UNDER 12 months spot

Side of thigh

Injection site for baby under 12 months for subq

IM 1 in

Subq 5/8

Needle sized for 12 moths and older

IM vastus lateralis if under 2

3 year and older deltoid

subq inj upper triceps

Sites for injections in 12 months and older

IM 1-1 ½
Sq 5/8

What size needle for adolescents