polysaccharides - chapter 1.2

how are polysaccharides made

made from many monosaccharides joined by condensation reaction

3-10 molecules are called

polysaccharides

11+ molecules are known as

true polysaccharides

how does there structure make them ideal for storage

-compact molecules

-glycosidic bonds are easily Brocken

-not very soluble in water (no osmotic movements)

how are glycosidic bonds broken

hydrolysis

how does hydrolysis work

water is added and the bonds break down shorter and shorter until only simple sugars are left

why is starch important

• energy storage in plants

• sugars from photosynthesis = starch (insoluble, compact and broken down rapidly)

is amylose branched or unbracnched

unbranched

what glycosidic bonds are amylose made of

1,4 - glucose

why is amylose compact

as the chains lengthen the molecule spirals

what glucose is amylose made from

a-glucose

amylose diagram

what percentage of starch is amylose

10-30%

is amylopectin branched or unbranched

branched

what glycosidic bonds are amylopectin made of

1,4 - glycosidic bonds and 1,6 - glycosidic bonds

what is amylose useful for

storage

what is amylopectin useful for

can be broken down rapidly

what percentage of starch is amylopectin

70-90%

amylopectin diagram

where can you find glycogen

found in animals and fungi

what glucose is glycogen made from

a-glucose

how is glycogen broken down so rapidly

many 1,6 - glycosidic bonds

in what tissue is glycogen most commonly found

muscle and liver tissues

what is cellulose used for

structural support - many of them

high tensile strength

freely permeable

what glucose are cellulose made from

long chains of b-glucose