Unit 1 HL Review Set

Unit 1 Contextual Exam

social hysteria formula

fear to hatred to action

socioeconomic structure of NE colonies

small farms, more urban townships, trade/merchant center, less slaves

socioeconomic structure of Middle colonies

culturally diverse, more urban, trade based, enlightenment center

socioeconomic structure of Southern colonies

large plantations, more rural, more social structure difference, most slaves

What caused the Revolutionary War

French and Indian War was expensive and British taxed the colonies heavily to pay it off since the war was had to protect colonists. Also stopped colonists from moving further west to avoid conflicts with Indigenous. Colonists didn’t like this so they rebelled.

British army during American Rev

wanted to crush the rebellion, strengths: discipline, funded military, experienced generals

Colonist army during the American Rev

wanted to become a free nation, strengths: British mistakes, alliance with France, fighting own land, Revolutionary Cause

Nature of the American Rev and impact/outcome

propaganda helped the colonists win, relied on British mistakes and French naval support, “Britain lost the war” instead of colonists won the war. wealthy stayed wealthy and poor stayed poor

Problems with Articles of Confederation

each state had complete sovereignty, fed government consisted of only legislative branch, unanimous vote to amend A of C

legislative branch powers

creates laws

executive branch powers

enforces laws

judicial branch powers

interprets laws

what is checks and balances

principal that allows branches of government to oversee and limit actions of the other 2

what is an example of checks and balances

check: President can veto a bill passed by Congress, balance: Congress can overturn veto with 2/3 votes

elastic clause

part of the Constitution that gives Congress power to male laws considered “necessary and proper” to carry out its listed powers

electoral college

system that consists of electors chosen by state = to total congress delegation (a president must win 270 to win0

what is impeachment

process by which legislation charges government official with misconduct

impeachment process

House votes on articles - of majority votes yes, official is impeached. Senate then holds trial to convict (or try to) official

amendment process

proposed and 2/3 votes in Congress (2/3s of state legislature), and then 3/4 votes from state to be amended.(3/4 of state conventions)

Constitutional Compromise

electoral college, bicameral legislature/great compromise, checks & balances, 3/5 Slave Compromise, ratification debate

BoR Amendment 1

freedom of speech, religion, right to peaceful protest, say you dislike government. C/L: can’t threaten the govern, entice hate crime w/ words, and harm someone on the basis of religion

BoR Amendment 2

right to regulated army and bear arms. C/L: bear nukes, mass weapons of destruction, and must adhere to state/fed regulations

BoR Amendment 3

people in the army cannot live in citizen’s houses (w/o consent) - unless a separate law is passed during a time of war

BoR Amendment 4

right to search and seizure with a “probable cause” and search warrant, C/L: if something is found outside scope of search warrant, it is negligible, *if you affirm search w/o warrant, you waive your right and cannot get it back

BoR Amendment 5

right that you cannot be charged with a crime without knowing/must be a reason, C/L: you cannot be charged for the same thing twice, an you have a right to silence (don’t waive it if questioned in your involvement to a crime)

BoR Amendment 6

right to public and speedy trial (a date must be set), C/L: venue can be changed if individual feels they won’t get an impartial jury, witness can confront accusers. can call people in your defense, right to an attorney (paid for if you can’t afford)

BoR Amendment 7

civil law dealing w money, C/L: must stay in civil area bc it is a civil law, always results in monetary gain

BoR Amendment 8

right to no excessive bail/fines or cruel/unusual punishment, C/L: bail can be denied if crime is extreme, unusual punishment relates to proportionality and application of punishment

BoR Amendment 9

people have other rights, C/L: Bill of Rights is not an “exclusive” set but also have other rights

BoR Amendment 10

if the US does not have power, it is left to the states and the people, C/L: creation of states rights

Washington’s Precedents

cabinet of advisors (picked ppl who didn’t get along to discuss - think Hamilton), 2 term limit, neutrality (opposed to US getting into foreign affairs/US isolationism)

Emergence of Political Parties

caused by disagreements regarding the federal bank and election of 1824

Marbury vs Madison and Judicial Review

Adams last min appoints judges b4 getting kicked out, Madison declares he refuses to deliver the news, Marbury gets mad and wants job and sues - sites an act that he has a right to the job but Supreme Court deems in unconstitutional. sets precedent of judicial review and Supreme Court determines unconstitutionality

Alien and Sedition Acts and concept of nullification

Alien: imprison and deport non-citizens (enemies in times of war), sedition: make it a crime to write bad stuff abt the government. Dem Republicans didn’t like this so they passed resolutions stating that states can nullify/remove federal las they deem unconstitutional 

Rise of Sectionalism

North vs South: happens due to south not approving of tariffs and being forced to by American/more expensive goods (esp from North) along with industrialization in North and cotton boom in South deriving apart interests, along w slavery

Tariff Crisis (1816-32)

taxes on imported goods - forced Americans to buy more expensive American goods over cheaper (now taxed) British ones, but this starts 15yr sectionalized debate

Nullification Crisis

SC/Calhoun who was VP w Jackson tries to nullify a federal law regarding tariffs (goes against supremacy clause) and Sc threatens to leave Union if they don’t allow it. After Jackson uses military force and collets tariffs

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams became president despite Jackson winning the popular vote and since no one won electoral college it went to the House - Clay was able to swing vote in favor of Adams (didn’t like Jackson) and caused Jackosonians to claim corruption and lave Republican party to start Dem. Republican

Jackson’s Administration

was good w words, used powers to created fed jobs for commoners, gave jobs to friends/political allies, threw out former employees, doesn’t like banks or Native Americans, liked tariffs