Developmental Disabilities Final

Are higher levels of ability expected today than 50 years ago?

Yes

What does a comprehensive behavior support plan created by a behavior analyst involve?

social skills, strategies to help with their behavior, speech and communication, ect

what is the relation between communication deficits and behaviors?

if the individual has a communication deficit, the behavior issues will typically increase

most accurate definition of behavior

anything that you do (good, bad)

term that refers to strengthening behvaior

positive reinforcement

M in MABC

Motivating Behavior

A in MABC

Anticedent

B in MABC

Behavior

C in MABC

Consequences

Regarding FAS, is prenatal diagnosis avalible?

No

Characteristics in children of women using alcohol in pregnancy

Developmental delays, eyes, bridge of nose, growth deficiencies, issues with central nervous system

What stage of communication is a child expressing himself through speech, signs, or graphic symbols

Symbolic

Good interventions for FAS

help with developmental delays, structured interventions

Bad interventions for FAS

non structured interventions

Is there a safe amount to drink during pregnancy?

No

A toddler walks up to parent and makes eye contact, raises his hand in the air. What form of communication?

Intentional Non-symbolic

What should an IEP (individualized education plan) address?

Education specific needs aside from gen ed and how their needs will be met

5 Major classes of psychiatric medications

anti depressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, stimulants, anti anxiety

Characteristics of teeth issue in 22q11.2DS (Deletion Syndrome)

issues with enamel, chronic cavities

Interventions for 22q11.2DS

educational, behavioral, medical, vocational

The average age for beginning to talk in a child diagnosed with 22q11.2DS is between what ages?

24-36 months

Range of impairments in intellectual functioning that appear most common in school-age children with 22q11.2DS

mild to severe

There is no need to repeat assessments in children with 22q11.2DS

False, assessments need to be repeated

Areas of strength in school-age children with 22q11.2DS

reading and spelling

Is the global cognitive profile of adolescents with 22q11.2DS is similar in pattern to that of children with 22q11.2DS?

Yes

What are the adulthood strengths of individuals diagnosed with 22q11.2DS?

they are more independent and employable

Crucial consideration when administering interventions such as psychotropic medications to IDD individuals

dosage, side effects

What does Bilateral mean regaurding body and Cp

Affecting the limbs on both sides of the body

What is the first priority for action when integrating life concepts into assessment and intervention?

addressing basic necessities first

Most important reason for assessment

to come up with an intervention and knowing the services that an individual needs

____ should identify needed supports, and ____ should identify causes or classification of an individual’s disability

assessment, diagnosis

One issue in interventions is that psychotropic drugs appear to be still consistently overused among people with developmental disabilties

Yes

General types of interventions and therapies that have been particularly important to people with intellectual and developmental disabilites

speech/language/communication, education, activity, physical, occupational, lifestyle

Assessment should be carried out by all disability professionals on an ongoing basis

Yes, assessment can be informal too

Intervention should be based on the results of sound assessment procedures that are ongoing in nature and should be amended continuously based on ongoing assessment

Yes, similar to progress monitoring

What does etiological diagnosis address

the cause of the disability

There is a growing movement to provide post-secondary education programs for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 2 and 4 year colleges and universities

Yes

Groups that bring about smooth transitions for youth to adult life…

the family, outside agencies/ community services, the government, and employers

In regards to occupational activity, be familiar with how many youth with severe disabilities work in segregated environments?

more than half

Employers do not play a role in transition from adult to school life

False, they do play a role

There is clear evidence that students with intellectual and developmental disabilities can become more ____ if provided instruction to promote this outcome and that such instruction leads to more ____ school and post-grad outcomes

self determined, positive

The domains in which life skills and community- based instruction are needed vary by the student’s unique strengths and area of instructional need

Yes, they vary

Should transition planning reflect the student’s perspective

Yes

What year did community living alternatives begin to develop?

the 70s

Is transition to adulthood different for everyone?

Yes

What is transition from a psychology viewpoint?

moving from independent to dependent

methods of planning for individuals with IDD

planned in advance, make a list, allowance of poor decisions and growth, exposure

3 types of CP (cerebral palsey)

Spastic, Dyskinetic, and Ataxic

Is FAS the most common genetic disorder associated with ID

No

Does IDEA define special education as a cost to parents?

No cost to parents

legislation that mandates FAPE (free and appropriate public eduction) for students with disabilities in the US

IDEA

decade that special education was federally mandated in the US

70s

Do you need to obtain parent/ caregiver information for speech/language evaluation?

Yes

Will providing a child with an electronic device slow speech development?

No

Federal law requires all students with IDD to be educated in general ed settings

No, least restrictive to most restrictive

Does special Ed refer to the place or the services that an individual receieves?

the services

Best practices in strategies for early intervention

inclusion with peers (role models), multidisciplinary team for kid, involve the family

Why is determining a person with intellectual or developmental disabilities challenging?

Co-morbid diagnosis, different definitions of disability in regions and outside agencies

Primary goal of Americans with Disabilities Act

takes care of 504 plan, get and keep a job, independent, equal opportunity, special ed evaluation

What does rehabilitation for CP require and who is involved?

occupational/ physical therapy, speech, teachers

motor issues of an individual with ataxic CP

poor balance, decreased muscle coordination

What does Augmentative mean in regards to AAC

supplemental

What does Alternative mean in regards to AAC

Something different

What age should transition planning start according to transition programs

13 years old

Diagnostic criteria for FAS is made by whom and when?

Pediatrician, neurologist/multi team and school age years

Is prenatal alcohol exposure the leading preventable cause of ID and birth defects

Yes

What is the prevalence of FAS in the US

2.4-4.8%

Where are FAS rates higher?

lower income, foster/orphanage

Where is the greatest risk of FAS

5 drinks in a sitting/ 64.5 in a week

What is the area that is most impaired in FAS?

Cognitive

Is FAS over or under- diagnosed?

Under-diagnosed

FAS with confirmed maternal alcohol exposure

mom did have alcohol, growth deformities, facial, central nervous system

partial FAS with confirmation of maternal alcohol exposure

some but not all features, central nervous system issues

What other interventions beside medication should be used?

different therapies, behavioral interventions, conciling, social activities

Should medications be the first intervention tried?

No

What percentage of ID and DD individuals take medications?

20-45%

Are individuals with IDD and DD the most medicated people?

Yes

Are psychotropic drugs recent interventions?

No, they trace back

Is it important to rule out digestive issues as a contributing factor to behavioral issues?

Yes, rule out the medical first

Should the principle be all for one and one for all regarding medication provided to ID and DD individuals

No, start low, go slow

Should medicine goals also be based on research

Yes

What is Pharmacological RCT (A Pharmacological Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

a study in which a placebo and drugs are compared

what does a placebo mean

a fake medication

what does blinding mean

you don’t tell the patient if they have the real or placebo

statistical analysis

mathematical analysis

clinical significance

observation between two groups

What is CP

Cerebral Palsey- motor disorder

Risk factors of CP

premature, traumatic delivery, enviornmental stressors, low oxygen at birth

All individuals with CP are ID

No, typically normal intellegence

Is onset CP before, during, or after birth

anytime

What is the most common type of CP

Spastic

the 3 stages of communication: Pre-intentional

object only, unsure intent

the 3 stages of communication: intentional nonsymbolic

intent is clear, no speech

the 3 stages of communication: symbolic

speech/symbols

2 broad areas of communication

teaching new behaviors, communication partners

Unaided communication

using body to communicate (asl)

Aided communication

PECS, AAC devices

FBA (functional behavior assessment)

see if they have behavioral problems, collect info from parents/teachers/individual, trying to figure out why the do the behavior

Be familiar wit BIP (behavior intervention plan)

addressing behavior

What are behavior interactions based upon?

based on applied behavior science