Carbohydrates, proteins and lypids

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

Dipeptide

Organic compound which consists of 2 amino acids

Peptide bond

Bond between 2 amino acids (carbon and nitrogen)

Actin and myosin

Contractile proteins

Hemoglobin

Protein used for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Myoglobin

Protein used for storage of oxygen

Fibrin

Protein used for preventing blood clotting

Collagen

Protein used for elasticity and strength (skin)

Keratin

Protein in hair and nails

Rhodopsin

Protein used for sensing light (retina)

Antibodies

Protein used for protection

Albumin

Protein used for transporting hormones, medicin, vitamins and ions of metals

Pepsin

Protein and enzyme that digests other proteins

Channel proteins and pumps

Protein used for transporting ions and molecules

Insulin

Protein and hormone that lowers blood sugar

Glucose

Protein and hormone that increces blood sugar

Carbohydrates

Monosochorides, polysaccharides and disaccharides

Monosocharides

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

Polysaccharides

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Disaccharide

Maltose, lactose, sacharose

Carbohydrates that are a source of energy

Glucose, fructose,galactose, maltose, lactose,

Carbohydrate that provide storage energy

Starch, glicogen

Carbohydrates that are nucleic acids

Ribose, deoxyribose

Carbohydrate that provides storage energy and transports energy

Sacharose

Carbohydrates that give structure

Cellulose, chitin

Alpha D glucose

C6H12O6 (H-OH)

Beta D glucose

C6H12O6 (OH-H)

Dimer (condensation, hydrolysis)

Monomer + monomer

Maltose (disaccharide) + water (condensation)

Glucose + glucose

Polymer (hydrolysis)

(n) monomers + (n-1) water molecules

Peristaltic movement

Movement generated by muscles in the intestines

Glycosidic bond

Bond between 2 glucose molecules

Simple proteins

Proteins made of only amino acids (keratin, histone, albumin and globulin)

Compound protein

Proteins made of amino acids and non- amino acid components (myoglobin, hemoglobin, fibrin)

Saturated fatty acids

CH3-(CH2)n-COOH

Unsaturated fatty acids

Cis fats and trans fats

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids (condensation)

Trigliceride +3 water molecules

Bonds in triglyceride

Ester bonds

Cis fats

Very common in nature, usually liquid at room temp, loosely packed

Trans fats

Very rare in nature , usually artificially made, usually solid in room temp, tightly packed

Cell membrane

Phospholipids

Fatty acids, hydrophobic

Glycerol + phosphate group, hydrophilic

Functions of lipids

Provide vitamins ADEK, hormonal function(testosterone, estrogen), protection(sebum), energy storage molecules, structural function(phospholipids) - cell membrane, shock absorbers, thermoisolation, thermoregulation, buoyancy, nervous functions

Glucose

C6H12O6