Chem Investigation 9

Compressibility

a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under a certain amount of pressure

Boyle’s Law

when the temperature and number of particles are held constant, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure

Charle’s Law

the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature if pressure is held constant

Absolute Zero

the temperature at which all motion stops

Gay-Lussac’s Law

the pressure of a fixed mass is proportional to its temperature if the volume is held constant

Combined Gas Law

describes the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature

Avogadro’s Law

the relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of moles of gas

Ideal Gas Law

a hypothetical gas that obeys the kinetic model of gases

Isobaric Process

a closed-system process for which the pressure is held

Isovolumetric Process

a closed-system process for which the volume is held constant

Isothermal Process

a closed-system that is held at a constant temperature Ex. Pressure Cooker

Intensive Property

does not change based on the scale of size of the gas; pressure and temperature

Extensive Property

does change with scale or size; volume or number of moles

Partial Pressure

the contribution each gas makes to the total atmospheric pressure

Dalton’s Law

the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases

Diffusion

the tendency of molecules to move towards areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform

Effusion

the gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

Graham’s Law of Effusion

the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gases molar mass

Saturated Vapor Pressure

the maximum pressure of water vapor in the air

Dewpoint

the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor

Relative Humidity

the percent ratio of actual water vapor pressure to the saturated vapor pressure

What is the equation for Boyle’s Law?

V1*P1= V2*P2

What is the equation for Charle’s Law?

V1/T1=V2/T2

What is the equation for Gay-Lussac’s Law?

P1/T1=P2/T2

What is the equation for the Combined Gas Law?

(P1*V1)/T1=(P2*V2)/T2

What is the equation for Ideal Gas Law?

PV=nRT

P=kpa V=L n=mol T=K

R=3.81 kpaL/molK

How do real gases deviate from ideal gases?

Ideal gases ignore the size of gases and their intermolecular sizes.

Real gases have small, but measurable, intermolecular attractive forces

What are examples of Intensive Properties?

color, density, temperature, boiling point, and hardness

What are some examples of Extensive Properties?

mass, length, weight, enthalpy, and energy

What is the equation for Dalton’s Law of partial pressure?

Ptotal= P1+P2+P3…

What is the equation for Graham’s Law of Effusion?

rateA/rateB = sqrt Mb/Ma