Fluid Electrolyte and acid/base balance EXAM 3

Falling pH and rising partial pressure of C02 due to pneumonia or emphysema indicate

Respiratory Acidosis

Runs marathon on a warm day and consumes 4 L of water and feels nauseous and starts vomiting, what’s happening?

Hyponatremia = very low extracellular sodium ion concentration

movement of fluid between cellular compartments

regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces

insufficient parathyroid hormone production in the body could result in 

hypocalcemia 

acute panic attack while hyperventilating she breathes into a paper bag to prevent

respiratory alkalosis

chemical buffer systems

• bicarbonate

• phosphate

• protein

• NOT - nitrogen

body’s water volume is closely tied to levels of

sodium ions

when a strong acid such as HCL is added to bicarbonate buffer system, what happens?

More carbonic acid is formed

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

hormone that reduces BP and Blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention. 

Hormone important in regulation of sodium ion concentration in extracellular fluid

aldosterone

Low pH, rapid breathing,

metabolic acidosis

breathing normal, blood pH analysis is an abnormally high value.

metabolic alkalosis

how is physiology effected by eating salty foods

there being a temporary increase in blood volume

fluid link between external and internal environment

plasma

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low

most of water reaching the collecting duct isn’t reabsorbed

MOST IMPORTANT force causing net outward water flow across capillary wall

hydrostatic pressure of capillary bed

in case of edema, excess fluid is held in which fluid compartment

interstitial fluid

Respiratory acidosis can occur when

when a person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction

Amphoteric protein molecules 

can function as acid or base depending on pH 

chest injury resulting in impaired breathing and respiratory acidosis, how will her body (kidneys) compensate for imbalance

kidneys retain bicarbonate ions

hypotonic hydration

condition may result from renal insufficiency or drinking excessive amounts of water.